bureaucracy

• نظام إداري تُتخذ فيه القرارات من قبل موظفين حكوميين أو دوائر رسمية، ويتميز غالبًا بقواعد وإجراءات معقدة. ويشير أيضًا إلى فئة الموظفين أو الجهاز الإداري نفسه.

A system of government or administration in which decisions are made by state officials or departments, often characterized by complex rules and procedures.

غير معدود

1. Government administrationB2formal

   A system of government in which most decisions are taken by state officials rather than by elected representatives.

   البيروقراطية

   • The bureaucracy in this country makes it hard to start a business.
   • She works in the federal bureaucracy.
   • Reforming the bureaucracy is a major challenge for the new government.

   المرادفاتadministrationcivil servicegovernmentofficialdompublic service

2. Excessive paperworkB2informal

   Excessive administrative procedures and red tape that slow down processes.

   البيروقراطية

   • I'm tired of all the bureaucracy involved in getting a visa.
   • The bureaucracy at the university delayed my application by months.
   • Dealing with insurance bureaucracy is incredibly frustrating.

   المرادفاتadministriviaofficialdompaperworkred taperigmarole