byzantine

• يُستعمل لوصف شيء بالغ التعقيد والتشابك وصعب الفهم، وغالبًا ما يكون ذلك بسبب تعقيدات خفية أو خادعة أو دهاليز إدارية متشابكة.

Describes something that is extremely complex, intricate, or difficult to understand, often in a way that is secretive or devious.

1. Relating to the Byzantine EmpireB2formalart

   Of or pertaining to the Byzantine Empire, its culture, or the ancient city of Byzantium (later Constantinople, now Istanbul).

   بيزنطي

   • The Byzantine Empire preserved many classical texts.
   • Byzantine art is known for its intricate mosaics and icons.
   • The city's architecture shows strong Byzantine influences.

2. B2formal

   Of or relating to the Eastern Orthodox Church or its distinctive rites and traditions.

   بيزنطي

   • The Byzantine liturgy is celebrated in many Orthodox churches.
   • Byzantine chant has a unique musical style.
   • The priest explained the symbolism of the Byzantine rite.

   المرادفاتeastern orthodoxgreek orthodoxorthodox

3. Complex and intricateC1formal

   Highly complex, intricate, and often devious or secretive in nature; characterized by elaborate and confusing systems.

   معقد ومتشابك

   • The company's Byzantine accounting practices made the fraud difficult to detect.
   • Navigating the Byzantine bureaucracy of the government took months.
   • The plot of the novel was so Byzantine that few readers could follow it.

   المرادفاتcomplicatedconvolutedentangledintricateinvolvedknottylabyrinthinemazytangledtortuous

   الأضدادcleardirectplainsimplestraightforwarduncomplicated

• اسم يدل على شخص من سكان مدينة بيزنطة أو من رعايا الإمبراطورية البيزنطية.

A noun referring to a native or inhabitant of Byzantium or of the Byzantine Empire.

اسم علم

1. Native or inhabitant of ByzantiumC1formal

   A person who lived in the ancient city of Byzantium or the Byzantine Empire.

   بيزنطي

   • The Byzantines were known for their intricate mosaics and architecture.
   • A Byzantine from Constantinople traveled to Venice for trade.
   • The historian specialized in the daily life of the Byzantines.