which

An interrogative and relative determiner used to ask for information specifying one or more people or things from a definite set, or to introduce a clause providing additional information about a noun.

arأداة استفهام أو اسم موصول تُستخدم للاختيار من بين مجموعة محدودة أو للتعريف والتوضيح.ruВопросительное или относительное слово для выбора из ограниченного набора или уточненияesDeterminante o pronombre interrogativo o relativo que sirve para elegir entre un conjunto limitado o para precisar algo ya mencionado.frDéterminant interrogatif ou relatif servant à choisir parmi un ensemble limité ou à préciser lequel.deFragewort oder Relativpronomen, das eine Auswahl aus einer begrenzten Menge erfragt oder einen Bezug näher bestimmt.ptPronome interrogativo ou relativo usado para perguntar ou especificar qual entre um conjunto limitado de opções; também pode introduzir uma oração relativa que qualifica ou identifica um antecedente.zh疑问词或关系词，用于在有限范围内进行选择、询问或进一步说明。

1. Interrogative selection A1 formal

   Used in questions to ask for information specifying one or more people or things from a known or limited set of possibilities.

   • Which book do you prefer?
   • Which way should we go?
   • Which students have finished the test?

   arالاستفهام للاختيارruВопросительный выборescuál (interrogativo selectivo)frLequel (interrogatif de sélection)deInterrogative AuswahlptSeleção interrogativazh疑问选择

2. Relative reference (defining) B1 formal

   Used to introduce a relative clause that provides essential information to identify the noun it follows. Often interchangeable with 'that' in restrictive clauses.

   • The car which I bought is red.
   • This is the house which Jack built.
   • She wore the dress which she had made herself.

   arالإشارة الموصولة (التقييدية)ruОтносительная ссылка (ограничительная)esque (relativo especificativo)frPronom relatif restrictifdeRelativer Verweis (bestimmend)ptReferência relativa (restritiva)zh关系指代（限定性）

3. Relative reference (non-defining) B2 formal

   Used to introduce a relative clause that adds extra, non-essential information about a noun. It is usually separated by commas and cannot be replaced by 'that'.

   • My car, which is ten years old, still runs well.
   • The conference, which was held in London, was a success.
   • He gave me a letter, which I read immediately.

   arالإشارة الموصولة (غير التقييدية)ruОтносительная ссылка (неограничительная)esRelativo explicativo (no definitorio)frRelatif non restrictifdeRelativer Verweis (nicht einschränkend)ptReferência relativa (não restritiva)zh关系指代（非限定性）