calculus

• Существительное с несколькими значениями: твердое минеральное образование в органах или протоках тела; зубной налет на зубах и деснах; или раздел математики, изучающий пределы, дифференцирование и интегрирование функций.

A noun with multiple meanings: a hard mineral concretion found in body organs or ducts; a dental deposit on teeth and gums; or a branch of mathematics dealing with limits, differentiation, and integration of functions.

1. Hard mineral deposit in the bodyC1formalmedical

   A solid concretion of mineral salts that forms in hollow organs or ducts, such as the kidneys or gallbladder.

   Камень

   • The patient was diagnosed with a renal calculus causing severe pain.
   • Gallstones are a common type of calculus found in the gallbladder.
   • Surgery was required to remove the calculus from the bile duct.

   Synonymsconcretionstone

2. Dental depositB2formalmedical

   A hardened deposit of plaque that forms on teeth and gums, also known as tartar.

   Зубной камень

   • Regular brushing helps prevent the formation of dental calculus.
   • The dentist removed the calculus buildup during the cleaning.
   • Calculus on the teeth can lead to gum disease if not treated.

   Synonymstartar

3. Branch of mathematicsB2formalscientific

   The mathematical study of continuous change, involving limits, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series.

   Математический анализ

   • Calculus is essential for understanding physics and engineering concepts.
   • She took a course in differential calculus last semester.
   • The integral calculus helps calculate areas under curves.

   Synonymsinfinitesimal calculus