rust

• Существительное, обозначающее красновато-коричневый налёт, образующийся на железе или стали в результате окисления, особенно во влажной среде, или заболевание растений, вызываемое ржавчинными грибами.

A noun referring to a reddish-brown coating formed on iron or steel by oxidation, especially in the presence of moisture, or a plant disease caused by rust fungi.

uncountable

1. Oxidation on metalA2formal

   A reddish-brown coating that forms on iron or steel when exposed to air and moisture.

   Ржавчина

   • The old gate was covered in rust.
   • Rust can weaken metal structures over time.
   • He used sandpaper to remove the rust from the bicycle chain.

   Synonymscorrosionoxidationscaletarnish

2. Plant diseaseB2formalscientific

   A fungal disease that affects plants, causing reddish-brown spots.

   Ржавчина (болезнь растений)

   • The wheat crop was damaged by rust this season.
   • Rust appears as orange or brown pustules on leaves.
   • Farmers use fungicides to control rust in their fields.

• Глагол, используемый для обозначения процесса образования красновато-коричневого оксидного покрытия на железе или стали под воздействием влаги и воздуха, или для ухудшения состояния из-за отсутствия использования или пренебрежения.

A verb used to indicate the process of forming a reddish-brown oxide coating on iron or steel due to exposure to moisture and air, or to deteriorate or become impaired through lack of use or neglect.

1. Form rustB1formal

   To become covered with a reddish-brown layer of iron oxide due to exposure to moisture and air.

   Ржаветь

   • The old gate began to rust after years of rain.
   • If you leave the tools outside, they will rust quickly.
   • The metal pipes rusted because of the humidity.

   Synonymscorrodetarnish

2. Deteriorate or declineB2informal

   To become less effective or skilled due to lack of use or practice.

   Прийти в упадок

   • His French has rusted since he stopped practicing.
   • My programming skills have rusted over the years.
   • Don't let your talents rust away.

   Synonymsatrophydecaydeclinedeteriorateerodelanguishstagnatewither

   Antonymshoneimprovepolishrefinesharpen