shortening

• Существительное с двумя различными значениями: жир (например, сливочное масло или смалец), используемый в выпечке для придания тесту нежности и слоистости; или действие или процесс укорачивания чего-либо по длине или продолжительности.

A noun with two distinct meanings: a fat (such as butter or lard) used in baking to make pastry or dough tender and flaky; or the act or process of making something shorter in length or duration.

uncountable

1. Fat used in bakingB1formalculinary

   A solid fat, such as butter, lard, or vegetable shortening, used in baking to make pastries and cakes tender and flaky.

   Кулинарный жир

   • The recipe calls for a cup of vegetable shortening.
   • Butter can be used as a substitute for shortening in cookies.
   • Shortening helps create a light and crumbly texture in pie crusts.

2. Act of making shorterB2formal

   The process or act of reducing something in length, duration, or extent.

   Укорачивание

   • The shortening of the workday improved employee morale.
   • The shortening of the rope made it easier to handle.
   • The shortening of the project timeline required more resources.

   Synonymsabbreviationcontractioncurtailmentcuttingdiminishinglesseningreductiontrimmingtruncation

• Глагол, используемый для обозначения действия по уменьшению длины, продолжительности или протяжённости чего-либо.

A verb used to indicate the act of making something shorter in length, duration, or extent.

1. Reduce length or durationB1formal

   To make something shorter than originally planned or intended, often by cutting time or length.

   Укоротить

   • The editor decided to shorten the article to fit the page.
   • We need to shorten the meeting to just 30 minutes.
   • The film was shortened by ten minutes for television.

   Synonymsabbreviateclipcondensecropcurtailcutlessenreducetrimtruncate

   Antonymselongateextendlengthenprolong

2. Condense or abridgeB2formal

   To reduce the scope of something while keeping the essential parts intact.

   Сократить

   • The professor shortened the lecture to cover only the main points.
   • They shortened the novel into a concise summary.
   • The report was shortened to include only key findings.

   Synonymsabbreviateabridgecompresscondensecurtailcutreducetruncate

   Antonymselongateexpandextendlengthenprotract

3. Make physically shorterA2formal

   To reduce the physical length of an object.

   Укоротить

   • She shortened the dress by hemming it.
   • The tailor shortened the sleeves of the jacket.
   • He shortened the rope by cutting off a piece.

   Synonymsabbreviateclipcurtailcutdockreducetrimtruncate

   Antonymselongateextendlengthen

4. Become shorterB1formal

   To decrease in length or duration over time.

   Укорачиваться

   • The days shorten as winter approaches.
   • Her patience shortened as the delay continued.
   • The shadows shortened as the sun rose higher.

   Synonymscontractdecreasediminishdwindlelessenshrink

   Antonymselongateextendlengthenprolong

5. Censor or sanitizeC1formal

   To edit a text by removing or altering parts considered offensive or inappropriate.

   Сократить

   • The publisher shortened the manuscript to remove explicit content.
   • The broadcast was shortened to avoid controversial statements.
   • They shortened the play by cutting out the more risqué scenes.

   Synonymscensorclean upexpurgateredact