whom

• Вопросительное или относительное местоимение в объектном падеже для ссылки на лицо или лиц. Примечание: 'Whom' не является определителем, а функционирует как местоимение-дополнение, преимущественно в формальной речи.

An interrogative and relative pronoun (objective case of 'who') used to refer to a person or people when they are the object of a verb or preposition. Note: 'Whom' is not classified as a determiner in modern English grammar. It functions exclusively as an object pronoun, primarily in formal or written English. This entry includes its primary pronominal meanings for completeness.

1. Interrogative pronoun (object)B1formal

   Used in questions to ask about a person who is the object of a verb or preposition. It is the formal equivalent of 'who' in object position.

   Вопросительное местоимение (объект)

   • Whom did you invite to the party?
   • To whom should I address the letter?
   • Whom are you talking about?

2. Relative pronoun (object, defining)B2formal

   Used to introduce a relative clause where the person referred to is the object of the verb or preposition within the clause. Common in formal writing.

   Относительное местоимение (объект, ограничительное)

   • The candidate whom we interviewed was impressive.
   • She is the person to whom I owe my success.
   • The man whom you met yesterday is my uncle.

3. Relative pronoun (object, non-defining)C1formal

   Used to introduce a non-defining relative clause providing extra information about a person as the object. Separated by commas and typical in formal contexts.

   Относительное местоимение (объект, неограничительное)

   • Mr. Smith, whom I have known for years, is retiring.
   • The author, whom the prize was awarded to, gave a speech.
   • His colleague, whom he trusted implicitly, betrayed him.