hoffmann

indénombrable · nom propre

A proper noun referring to a surname of notable individuals, including an Austrian architect, a German chemist, a Polish-American chemist, and a German writer.

frNom propre lié à des personnalités célèbres, notamment un architecte autrichien, un chimiste allemand, un chimiste polono-américain et un écrivain allemand.ruИмя собственное, относящееся к фамилии известных личностей, включая австрийского архитектора, немецкого химика, польско-американского химика и немецкого писателя.esApellido propio asociado a varias personalidades notables, incluyendo un arquitecto austríaco, un químico alemán, un químico polaco-estadounidense y un escritor alemán.deEigenname, der sich auf den Nachnamen bekannter Persönlichkeiten bezieht, darunter ein österreichischer Architekt, ein deutscher Chemiker, ein polnisch-amerikanischer Chemiker und ein deutscher Schriftsteller.ptNome próprio que corresponde a um sobrenome de personalidades conhecidas, incluindo um arquiteto austríaco, um químico alemão, um químico polonês-americano e um escritor alemão.zh专有名词，指姓氏，著名人物包括奥地利建筑师、德国化学家、波兰裔美国化学家和德国作家。arاسم علم مأخوذ من اسم عائلة شخصيات مشهورة، منهم مهندس معماري نمساوي، وكيميائي ألماني، وكيميائي بولندي-أمريكي، وكاتب ألماني.

1. Austrian architect C1 formal art

   An Austrian architect (1870–1956) known for his pioneering use of geometric rectilinear forms and minimalist design, influencing early modern architecture.

   • The Hoffmann style is characterized by clean lines and cubic shapes.
   • Many buildings by this Hoffmann feature symmetrical, rectangular compositions.
   • Art historians often cite Hoffmann’s work as a bridge between Art Nouveau and modernism.
   • His use of rectilinear units became a hallmark of the Vienna Secession.

   frJosef Hoffmann (architecte autrichien)ruАвстрийский архитекторesHoffmann (arquitecto austríaco)deÖsterreichischer ArchitektptArquiteto austríacozh奥地利建筑师arمهندس معماري نمساوي

2. German chemist C1 formal scientific

   A German chemist (1818–1892) who made significant contributions to organic chemistry, including the synthesis of aniline dyes and the study of amines.

   • Hoffmann’s work on coal-tar derivatives led to the development of synthetic dyes.
   • The chemist Hoffmann is credited with discovering several important organic reactions.
   • His research on amines helped establish structural theory in chemistry.
   • Many of Hoffmann’s findings are still taught in organic chemistry courses today.

   frHoffmann (chimiste allemand)ruНемецкий химикesHoffmann (químico alemán)deDeutscher ChemikerptQuímico alemãozh德国化学家arكيميائي ألماني

3. American chemist (born in Poland) C1 formal scientific

   A Polish-born American chemist (born 1937) who applied quantum mechanics to understand chemical reactions, earning a Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1981).

   • This Hoffmann developed the Woodward–Hoffmann rules for pericyclic reactions.
   • His theoretical work revolutionized the understanding of reaction mechanisms.
   • Hoffmann’s quantum mechanical approach explained many organic reaction pathways.
   • He shared the Nobel Prize for his contributions to the theory of chemical reactions.

   frHoffmann (Roald)ruАмериканский химик (родился в Польше)esRoald HoffmanndeAmerikanischer Chemiker (geboren in Polen)ptQuímico americano (nascido na Polônia)zh美国化学家（出生于波兰）arكيميائي أمريكي من أصل بولندي

4. German writer of fantastic tales C1 formal art

   A German writer (1776–1822) known for his gothic, fantastic, and supernatural stories, often blending reality with the bizarre and magical.

   • Hoffmann’s tales frequently explore the boundary between sanity and madness.
   • His story 'The Sandman' is a classic of dark fantasy literature.
   • Writers like Edgar Allan Poe were influenced by Hoffmann’s eerie narratives.
   • Hoffmann’s works were later adapted into operas and ballets.

   frE.T.A. HoffmannruНемецкий писатель фантастических рассказовesHoffmann (escritor alemán)deDeutscher Schriftsteller fantastischer ErzählungenptEscritor alemão de contos fantásticoszh德国奇幻小说作家arالكاتب الألماني للقصص العجائبية