j

The tenth letter of the English alphabet and the seventh consonant, representing the voiced palato-alveolar affricate sound /dʒ/ as in 'jump'. As a grapheme, 'J' was the last letter to be added to the Latin alphabet, originally emerging as a swash variant of the letter I during the Middle Ages. It is relatively rare in native English words but common in proper names and loanwords. It functions as a designation for the tenth item in a sequence, an abbreviation for journal or judge, a hypothetical unit in physics, and a slang term for a cannabis cigarette.

ruДесятая буква английского алфавита, согласная. Обозначает звонкий палато-альвеолярный аффрикат /dʒ/. Последняя буква, добавленная в латинский алфавит. Используется как обозначение десятого элемента, сокращение для судьи, научного журнала, джоуля в физике или сленговое название сигареты с марихуаной.esDécima letra del alfabeto inglés, consonante. Representa la africada palato-alveolar sonora /dʒ/. Fue la última letra añadida al alfabeto latino. Se usa como designación del décimo elemento, abreviatura de juez, revista científica, julio en física o jerga para un cigarrillo de marihuana.frDixième lettre de l'alphabet anglais, consonne. Désigne l'affriquée palato-alvéolaire voisée /dʒ/. Dernière lettre ajoutée à l'alphabet latin. Utilisée pour désigner le dixième élément, comme abréviation de juge, de journal scientifique, de joule en physique, ou comme argot pour un joint de marijuana.deDer zehnte Buchstabe des englischen Alphabets, ein Konsonant. Er bezeichnet die stimmhafte palato-alveolare Affrikate /dʒ/. Der letzte Buchstabe, der dem lateinischen Alphabet hinzugefügt wurde. Er wird als Bezeichnung für das zehnte Element, als Abkürzung für Richter, wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift, Joule in der Physik oder umgangssprachlich für einen Marihuana-Joint verwendet.ptDécima letra do alfabeto inglês, consoante. Representa a africada palato-alveolar sonora /dʒ/. É a última letra adicionada ao alfabeto latino. Usada como designação do décimo elemento, abreviação de juiz, de revista científica, de joule na física ou gíria para cigarro de maconha.zh英语字母表的第十个字母，辅音，表示浊腭龈塞擦音/dʒ/；也是拉丁字母表中最后加入的字母。常用来表示第十项、法官、学术期刊、物理学中的焦耳，或作为大麻烟的俚语称呼。arالحرف العاشر في الأبجدية الإنجليزية، وهو حرف ساكن يُنطق أَفْرِيكاتًا لثويًّا غاريًّا مجهورًا /dʒ/، وآخر حرف أُضيف إلى الأبجدية اللاتينية. يُستعمل للدلالة على العنصر العاشر، واختصارًا للقاضي وللمجلة العلمية وللجول في الفيزياء، وللإشارة العامية إلى سيجارة الماريجوانا.

1. The tenth letter of the English alphabet A1 formal

   The uppercase or lowercase character (J, j) that constitutes the tenth symbol in the Latin-based English alphabet, classified as a consonant. It consistently represents the voiced palato-alveolar affricate /dʒ/ in modern English. Historically, J was the most recent addition to the Latin alphabet, evolving from a calligraphic flourish on the letter I in medieval manuscripts. It was not consistently distinguished from I as a separate letter until the 17th century.

   • The word 'jump' begins with the letter J.
   • Her name starts with a capital J followed by an e.
   • The letter J is the only letter not found in the periodic table of elements.
   • Many languages do not have the J sound in their native phonology.
   • The lowercase j descends below the baseline and has a small dot above it.

   ruДесятая буква английского алфавитаesLetra j del alfabeto inglésfrLettre jdeZehnter Buchstabe des englischen AlphabetsptDécima letra do alfabeto inglêszh英语字母表的第十个字母arالحرف العاشر في الأبجدية الإنجليزية

2. An abbreviation for Judge in legal contexts B1 formal legal

   The letter J used as a standard written abbreviation for the title 'Judge' in legal documents, court opinions, case citations, and formal correspondence. When appearing before a surname, typically with a period (e.g., J. Smith), it indicates the individual holds judicial office. In appellate court opinions, multiple judges are often abbreviated as JJ. This usage is restricted to professional legal writing and formal address.

   • The opinion was delivered by J. Roberts for the majority.
   • The case citation reads 'Smith v. Jones, 123 U.S. 456 (J. Marshall)'.
   • The document was signed by J. Thompson at the bottom of the order.
   • The court's panel consisted of JJ. Ginsburg, Breyer, and Sotomayor.
   • He addressed the envelope to Hon. J. Williams at the courthouse.

   ruСокращение для судьи в юридическом контекстеesJ. como abreviatura de juezfrJuge (abréviation)deAbkürzung für Richter im juristischen KontextptAbreviatura para juiz em contexto jurídicozh法律语境中法官的缩写arاختصار كلمة قاضٍ في السياق القانوني

3. The joule, a unit of energy in physics B2 formal scientific

   The uppercase letter J used as the standard symbol for the joule, the derived unit of energy, work, or amount of heat in the International System of Units (SI). One joule is defined as the work done when a force of one newton displaces an object by one meter in the direction of the force. It is equivalent to one watt-second and approximately 0.239 calories. Named after English physicist James Prescott Joule.

   • The kinetic energy of the moving object was calculated to be 450 J.
   • One calorie is approximately equal to 4.184 J.
   • The light bulb consumes energy at a rate of 60 J per second.
   • The battery stores 10,000 J of electrical energy when fully charged.
   • The experiment measured the work output as 250 J.

   ruДжоуль, единица энергии в физикеesJulio, unidad de energíafrJoule (symbole J)deJoule, die Einheit der Energie in der PhysikptJoule, unidade de energia em físicazh焦耳，物理学中的能量单位arالجول، وحدة الطاقة في الفيزياء

4. A slang term for a marijuana cigarette B2 slang

   An informal term used in cannabis culture to refer to a hand-rolled cigarette containing marijuana. The 'J' is a clipped form of the word 'joint'. This usage is widespread in casual speech, music lyrics, and social media among cannabis users. The term is considered slang and is typically avoided in formal contexts or by those unfamiliar with drug subculture.

   • He rolled a J and passed it to his friend.
   • The lyrics mentioned smoking a J on the rooftop.
   • She asked if anyone wanted to share a J after the concert.
   • The smell suggested someone nearby was burning a J.
   • They sat in the park passing around a J and watching the sunset.

   ruСленговое название сигареты с марихуанойesPorro de marihuanafrJoint de marijuanadeUmgangssprachliche Bezeichnung für eine Marihuana-ZigaretteptGíria para cigarro de maconhazh大麻烟卷的俚语arلفظة عامية لسيجارة الماريجوانا

5. The tenth item in a sequence or classification A2 formal

   A designation used to mark the tenth position, item, or category within a structured sequence, directly following I. It is frequently applied in outlines, multiple-choice options, spreadsheet columns, vehicle trim levels, and section labeling. As the tenth letter, it marks the transition from single-digit to double-digit numbering when letters are used as numerical proxies in certain coding systems.

   • Column J in the spreadsheet contains the annual revenue figures.
   • If Option I doesn't work, we can always try Option J.
   • The vehicle identification number's tenth character was a J.
   • Section J of the report details the environmental impact.
   • The seating chart placed us in Row J, exactly in the middle of the theater.

   ruДесятый в последовательности или классификацииesDécima letra o décimo elementofrDixième élément d'une séquencedeZehnter in einer Folge oder KlassifikationptDécimo em uma sequência ou classificaçãozh序列或分类中的第十项arالعاشر في التسلسل أو التصنيف