till

Till is a subordinating conjunction (and also a preposition) that means "until". It indicates that an action or state continues up to a certain point in time, after which it stops or changes. It is very similar in meaning and usage to "until", but is slightly more informal and common in spoken English and everyday writing.

ruTill — подчинительный союз (а также предлог), который означает «до», «пока не». Он указывает, что действие или состояние продолжается до определённого момента времени, после которого прекращается или меняется. Очень близок по значению и употреблению к «until», но чуть более разговорный и чаще встречается в устной речи и повседневном письме.esTill — conjunción subordinante (también preposición) que significa «hasta», «hasta que». Indica que una acción o estado continúa hasta un cierto momento, tras el cual cesa o cambia. Muy cercano en significado y uso a «until», pero algo más coloquial y más común en el habla y la escritura cotidiana.frTill est une conjonction (ainsi qu'une préposition) signifiant « jusqu'à » ou « jusqu'à ce que ». Elle indique qu'une action ou un état se poursuit jusqu'à un moment précis, après lequel il cesse ou change. Très proche de « until » par le sens et l'usage, mais légèrement plus familière et plus fréquente à l'oral et dans l'écrit courant.de„Till“ ist eine unterordnende Konjunktion (und Präposition), die „bis“ oder „bis dass“ bedeutet. Sie gibt an, dass eine Handlung oder ein Zustand bis zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt andauert und danach endet oder sich ändert; sie ist bedeutungsgleich mit „until“, aber etwas umgangssprachlicher.ptTill — conjunção subordinativa (e também preposição) que significa «até», «até que». Indica que uma ação ou estado continua até certo momento, depois do qual cessa ou muda; é muito próximo de «until», porém um pouco mais coloquial e comum na fala e na escrita cotidiana.zhTill 是连词（也可作介词），意思是“直到”“到……为止”，表示某个动作或状态一直持续到某一时刻，之后便停止或改变。它与 until 意思和用法非常接近，但更偏口语，常见于日常说话和非正式书面语中。arحرف ربط (وأيضًا حرف جر) يعني «حتى» أو «إلى أن»، ويدل على استمرار فعل أو حالة إلى غاية زمنية معينة ثم تتوقف أو تتغير. وهو قريب في المعنى من «until» لكنه أكثر colloquial ويشيع في الكلام اليومي.

1. Till as a subordinating conjunction of time (continuation up to a point) A2 formal

   Used to show that the action in the main clause continues only up to the time or event mentioned in the till-clause. It expresses duration with a clear endpoint. Till is interchangeable with until in most cases, though till is often considered slightly less formal.

   • Wait till I come back.
   • We worked till the job was finished.
   • She stayed up till midnight reading her book.
   • Don't stop practising till you get it right.
   • They kept dancing till the music stopped.

   ruСоюз времени (продолжение до определённого момента)eshasta (conjunción temporal)frjusqu'à ce quedeTemporale subordinierende Konjunktion (Fortdauer bis zu einem Zeitpunkt)ptConjunção temporal (continuação até certo ponto)zh时间从属连词（持续到某时）arحرف ربط زمني (استمرار حتى نقطة معينة)

2. Till in negative constructions (not ... till = only after) B1 formal

   When combined with negation in the main clause, "not ... till" emphasizes that something does not happen before the point mentioned. It means the action or event begins only after that time.

   • The shop doesn't open till 9 o'clock.
   • I didn't know the truth till yesterday.
   • We won't start eating till everyone arrives.
   • He couldn't relax till the exam was over.
   • Don't leave till I say so.

   ruВ отрицательных конструкциях (не ... пока не = только после)eshasta que (con negación)frpas avantdeIn negativen Konstruktionen (nicht ... bis = erst nach)ptEm construções negativas (não ... até = só depois)zh用于否定结构（not ... till = 直到……才）arفي التراكيب المنفية (لا ... حتى = فقط بعد)

3. Till in informal and spoken English A2 informal

   Till is especially common in everyday conversation, songs, and informal writing. It can replace "until" without changing the meaning, but it often feels more natural and conversational. It is also frequently used in fixed phrases and idioms.

   • Hang on till I get there.
   • I'm not leaving till you apologize.
   • She laughed till she cried.
   • We'll keep going till we win.
   • Save your money till you need it.

   ruTill в разговорной и неформальной речиeshasta (informal)frjusqu'à (familier)deTill in der umgangssprachlichen und informellen RedeptTill no português informal e faladozhTill 在口语和非正式用语中arحتى في اللغة العامية وغير الرسمية

A noun referring to a cash drawer or register used for storing money in a shop, or a small cultivated area of land for growing crops.

ruСуществительное, обозначающее денежный ящик или кассу, используемую для хранения денег в магазине, а также небольшую возделанную площадь земли для выращивания культур.esSustantivo que designa el cajón o caja registradora donde se guarda el dinero en una tienda, así como una pequeña extensión de tierra cultivada para el cultivo.frNom désignant le tiroir-caisse ou la caisse enregistreuse où l'on range l'argent dans un magasin, ainsi qu'une petite parcelle de terre cultivée pour faire pousser des cultures.deSubstantiv, das eine Kasse oder Geldlade bezeichnet, in der Geld aufbewahrt wird, sowie ein kleines Stück bearbeitetes Land zum Anbau von Nutzpflanzen.ptSubstantivo que designa a gaveta ou caixa registradora onde se guarda dinheiro em uma loja, bem como uma pequena área de terra cultivada para plantio.zh名词，指商店里存放现金的抽屉或收银机（收银台），也指耕作过的土地或农田。arاسم يشير إلى صندوق النقود أو الصندوق المستخدم لحفظ النقود في المتجر، وإلى مساحة أرض صغيرة مزروعة بالمحاصيل.

1. Cash register drawer A1 formal business

   A compartment in a shop where money is kept, also called a till.

   • She opened the till to count the day's receipts.
   • The cashier slipped a few notes into the till before leaving.
   • The manager kept the petty‑cash till locked in a safe.

   ruКассовый ящикesCajón de la caja registradorafrTiroir-caissedeKassenladeptGaveta registradorazh收银抽屉arدُرج النُّقود

   Synonymes: drawer

2. Glacial till (unsorted sediment) C2 formal british scientific

   A mixture of clay, sand, gravel and boulders deposited directly by a glacier.

   • Geologists studied the till to determine the glacier's historic extent.
   • The roadbed was built on compacted till, which required special engineering.
   • Samples of the till revealed a variety of rock types from distant mountains.

   ruЛедниковый ил (неупорядоченный осадок)esTill glaciarfrTill glaciairedeGeschiebemergel (ungeschichtetes Sediment)ptTill glacial (sedimento não selecionado)zh冰碛（未分选沉积物）arالطين الجليدي (رواسب غير مصنفة)

   Synonymes: boulder clay

• tills plural form
• tills' possessive plural form
• till's possessive singular form

The preposition 'till' is functionally identical to 'until' and is used to indicate the time when a continuous action, state, or condition stops or changes. It marks the endpoint of a period, often with the implication that something continues up to that specific moment and then possibly stops. 'Till' is considered less formal than 'until' but is very common in everyday speech and writing.

ruПредлог, указывающий на предел во времени — момент, когда действие или состояние заканчивается или меняется (менее формальный вариант 'until').esPreposición que indica el límite temporal de una acción o estado — el momento en que algo termina o cambia (equivalente menos formal de 'until'). También puede indicar un punto final en el espacio o una cantidad.frPréposition indiquant une limite dans le temps — le moment où une action ou un état se termine ou change (variante moins formelle de 'until').dePräposition, die eine zeitliche Grenze angibt – den Zeitpunkt, an dem eine Handlung oder ein Zustand endet oder sich ändert (weniger formale Variante von 'until').ptPreposição ou conjunção que indica o limite no tempo — o momento em que uma ação ou estado termina ou muda (variante menos formal de 'until').zh介词，表示时间上的界限，即某个动作或状态结束或发生变化的时刻（比“until”更口语化）。arحرف جر يدل على انتهاء الزمن أو الحد الذي يتوقف عنده الفعل أو الحال، وهو أقل رسمية من 'until'.

1. Till (up to a specific time or event) A2 informal

   Used to indicate that an action or state continues up to a particular point in time or until a specific event happens, after which it may stop or change.

   • I waited till midnight, but she never came.
   • The store is open till 9 PM on Fridays.
   • He stayed in bed till noon.
   • You have till Friday to submit your assignment.
   • We danced till the music stopped.

   ruДо (определённого времени или события)eshastafrjusqu'à (temps ou événement)deBis (zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt oder Ereignis)ptAté (um momento ou evento específico)zh直到（某个时间或事件）arحتى (وقت أو حدث محدد)

2. Till (with negative: before a time) B1 informal

   Used in negative sentences to mean 'before' — indicating that something does not happen until a specific time.

   • I didn't eat anything till dinner.
   • She won't arrive till tomorrow morning.
   • Don't open the door till I tell you.
   • He didn't fall asleep till 3 AM.
   • The results won't be released till next week.

   ruТолько / не раньше чем (с отрицанием)eshasta (en oraciones negativas)frtill (sens négatif)deErst / nicht vor (mit Negation)ptSó / não antes de (com negação)zh直到……才（用于否定句）arحتى / ليس قبل أن

3. Till (up to a limit or condition) B1 informal

   Used to indicate the point at which a condition is met or a limit is reached.

   • Keep stirring till the sauce thickens.
   • He pushed himself till he couldn't run anymore.
   • Continue till you reach the traffic lights.
   • Heat the water till it boils.
   • Repeat the exercise till your muscles feel tired.

   ruПока не (условие или предел)eshasta (límite o condición)frJusqu'à (point limite ou condition)deBis (Bedingung oder Grenze)ptAté que (condição ou limite)zh直到（条件或限度）arحتى (شرط أو حد)

A verb meaning to cultivate or prepare soil for growing crops; to work the land.

ruОбрабатывать или готовить почву для выращивания сельскохозяйственных культур; работать на земле.esTrabajar o preparar la tierra para el cultivo de plantas; labrar o cultivar el suelo.frTravailler ou préparer le sol pour la culture des plantes agricoles; cultiver la terre.deDen Boden für den Anbau von Nutzpflanzen bearbeiten oder vorbereiten; das Land bestellen.ptPreparar ou cultivar a terra para a produção agrícola; trabalhar a terra, geralmente revolvendo-a ou ara­ndo-a.zh耕作或翻松土地以准备种植农作物；也泛指耕种土地。arتهيئة الأرض أو حرثها وإعدادها لزراعة المحاصيل؛ العمل على الأرض وخدمتها.

1. Cultivate soil A2 formal

   To work the soil, especially by digging, turning, or breaking it up for planting crops.

   • The farmer tills the field every spring before sowing wheat.
   • She learned how to till the garden bed during the horticulture class.
   • Modern tractors can till large acres in just a few hours.

   ruОбрабатывать почвуesLabrar la tierrafrtravailler le soldeBoden bearbeitenptCultivar a terrazh耕种土地arحرث الأرض

   Synonymes: cultivatedigfarmharrowwork

2. Prepare a cash drawer (archaic/technical) B2 informal american business

   To place money or receipts into a cash register or to manage the cash drawer.

   • At the end of the shift, the clerk tills the cash drawer and balances the receipts.
   • He was taught how to till the register before taking over the shop.
   • The manager asked her to till the till before the audit.

   ruПодготовить кассовый ящикesPreparar el cajón de efectivofrGérer le tiroir-caissedeKassenlade vorbereitenptPreparar a gaveta de dinheirozh准备钱箱arتجهيز درج النقد

• tilled past participle
• tilled past simple
• tilling present participle
• tills third person singular