sham

Describes something that is false, fake, or intended to deceive.

ruОписывает что-то ложное, поддельное или предназначенное для обмана.esDescribe algo falso, fraudulento o destinado a engañar, o que pretende ser lo que no es.frDésigne quelque chose qui est faux, faux-semblant, ou destiné à tromper, souvent en imitant une chose réelle sans en avoir la valeur.deBezeichnet etwas, das falsch, unecht oder nur zum Schein vorhanden ist und dazu dient, andere zu täuschen.ptDescreve algo falso, fingido ou feito para enganar; que não é genuíno ou autêntico.zh形容某事物虚假、伪造或是用来欺骗的；也可指假装、伪装的。arصفة تصف شيئًا زائفًا أو مزيّفًا أو غير حقيقي، يُتخذ للتضليل أو الخداع.

1. Fake or pretended B2 formal

   Adopted or used in order to deceive; not genuine.

   • The company was accused of a sham transaction to hide its losses.
   • He offered a sham apology that no one believed.
   • The election was a sham, with no real choice for voters.

   ruФальшивыйesfalso, fingidofrfaux, simulédeFalschptFalsozh虚假的arزائف

   Sinônimos: artificialboguscounterfeitfakefalsefeignedinsinceremockphonypretendedsimulatedspurious

   Antônimos: actualauthenticgenuinehonestlegitimaterealsinceretruevalid

• more sham comparative form
• most sham superlative form

A noun referring to something that is a counterfeit or not what it seems to be, or a person who makes deceitful pretenses.

ruСуществительное, обозначающее что-то поддельное или не являющееся тем, чем кажется, или человека, который притворяется обманным образом.esSustantivo que designa algo falso, fingido o que no es lo que parece, o a una persona que engaña con apariencia de honestidad.frNom désignant quelque chose de faux ou qui n'est pas ce qu'il paraît être, ou une personne qui prétend être autre chose de manière trompeuse.deSubstantiv, das etwas Vorgetäuschtes, Unechtes oder Gefälschtes bezeichnet oder eine Person, die etwas vortäuscht oder sich verstellt.ptSubstantivo que designa algo falso, que não é o que aparenta ser, ou uma pessoa que engana ou finge. Pode também indicar uma farsa ou impostura.zh名词，指虚假的事物或并非表面所示的东西，也指以欺骗方式假装的人。arاسم يشير إلى شيء مزيّف أو غير حقيقي يبدو كأنه أصلي أو صحيح، أو إلى شخص يتظاهر زورًا أو يخدع الآخرين.

1. Counterfeit or fake B2 formal

   Something that is not genuine; a pretense or imitation designed to deceive.

   • The painting was a sham, not an original masterpiece.
   • His apology was a sham; he didn't mean a word of it.
   • The charity turned out to be a sham, collecting money for a false cause.

   ruПодделкаesFalsificación, imitación engañosafrFaux, imitation trompeusedeFälschungptFarsazh赝品arتزوير

   Sinônimos: counterfeitfakefraudhoaximitationpretencesimulation

   Antônimos: authenticgenuinereal

2. Deceitful person B2 formal

   A person who pretends to be something they are not, often to gain advantage.

   • He was exposed as a sham, claiming to be a doctor without a license.
   • She realized her business partner was a sham who had lied about his credentials.
   • The psychic was a sham, using tricks to fool her clients.

   ruОбманщикesPersona engañosafrImposteurdeBetrügerptImpostorzh骗子arمُخادِع

   Sinônimos: charlatanfakefraudhumbugimpostormountebankphonypretender

• shams plural form
• shams' possessive plural form
• sham's possessive singular form

A verb used to indicate the act of pretending or feigning something, often to deceive others.

ruГлагол, используемый для обозначения действия притворства или симуляции чего-либо, часто с целью обмана других.esVerbo que significa fingir o simular algo, a menudo con la intención de engañar a otros.frVerbe désignant l'action de faire semblant ou de simuler quelque chose, souvent dans le but de tromper les autres.deVerb, das die Handlung bezeichnet, etwas vorzutäuschen oder zu simulieren, oft mit der Absicht, andere zu täuschen.ptVerbo usado para indicar o ato de fingir ou simular algo, frequentemente com a intenção de enganar outras pessoas.zh动词，指假装或冒充某种身份、状态或情感，通常为了欺骗他人；也可指伪造、仿造某物。arفعل يُستخدم للدلالة على التظاهر أو التصنّع أو ادّعاء شيء ما، غالبًا بقصد خداع الآخرين.

1. Pretend or feign B2 formal

   To make a false show of something; to pretend to have a feeling, condition, or quality.

   • He shammed illness to avoid going to work.
   • She shammed surprise when she already knew the news.
   • The actor shammed a heart attack for the scene.

   ruПритворятьсяesfingirfrfeindredeVortäuschenptFingirzh假装arتظاهر

   Sinônimos: actaffectcounterfeitdissemblefakefeignmalingerpretendput onsimulate

   Antônimos: authenticatebemanifest

2. Deceive by pretending B2 formal

   To make believe with the intent to deceive others.

   • The con artist shammed a business deal to steal money.
   • He shammed interest in her story just to be polite.
   • They shammed a robbery to collect insurance money.

   ruПритворятьсяesfingir para engañarfrfeindredeVortäuschenptFingirzh假装欺骗arالتظاهر بالخداع

   Sinônimos: affectcounterfeitdissemblefakefeignpretendsimulate

• shammed past participle
• shammed past simple
• shamming present participle
• shams third person singular