economics

• Общественная наука о производстве, распределении и потреблении благ; также экономические аспекты или выгода какой-либо деятельности.

The social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services; also the financial considerations or aspects of a particular activity, sector, or policy.

неисчисляемое

1. The social science concerned with the production, consumption, and transfer of wealth.B2formalscientific

   The academic discipline that analyses how individuals, businesses, governments, and nations make choices about allocating scarce resources to satisfy their needs and wants, structuring systems of exchange and framing economic policy.

   Общественная наука, изучающая производство, потребление и оборот богатства.

   • She decided to study economics at university to understand market dynamics.
   • Classical economics emphasised the self‑regulating nature of free markets.
   • Behavioural economics challenges the assumption that people always make perfectly rational choices.
   • The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics was awarded to researchers working on poverty alleviation.
   • Economics provides the theoretical framework for analysing inflation and unemployment.

   Синонимыeconomic scienceeconomic theorypolitical economy

2. The financial aspects or viability of a particular activity, project, or industry.B2formalbusiness

   The practical consideration of costs, revenues, profitability, or efficiency characterising a specific undertaking; often used with a modifier to denote the type of enterprise being evaluated.

   Экономическая сторона или рентабельность деятельности, проекта или отрасли.

   • The economics of organic farming mean higher prices but greater environmental benefit.
   • The studio cancelled the film after reviewing the project’s dismal budgetary outlook.
   • Understanding the economics of cloud computing can save startups thousands of dollars.
   • The newspaper hired a columnist to analyse the business of professional sport.
   • Fluctuating fuel prices dominate the economics of the airline industry.

   Синонимыprofitability

3. Money‑related conditions or factors affecting a country or region.B2formal

   The state of a nation’s or area’s economic system in terms of prosperity, employment, trade, and monetary health; frequently used when discussing policy outcomes or general fiscal climate.

   Денежно‑финансовые условия или факторы, определяющие состояние страны или региона.

   • The government cited improved national output as evidence its strategy was working.
   • Unstable trade conditions can erase years of fiscal progress in a developing region.
   • Regional disparities persist despite overall growth in the national financial picture.
   • The analysis showed that the local commercial landscape had not recovered from the recession.
   • Sanctions placed immense strain on the country's entire productive system.

   Синонимыeconomy