former

• Описание чего-либо, что находится перед всеми остальными в последовательности, времени, порядке, ранге или значимости.

Describing something that comes before all others in sequence, time, order, rank, or importance.

1. Sequence in orderA1formal

   Coming before all others in time, order, or importance.

   Первый

   • This is the first chapter of the book.
   • He won the first prize in the competition.
   • She was the first person to arrive.

   Синонимыchiefforemostinitialleadingpremierprimaryprimeprincipaltop

   Антонимыfinallast

2. Initial or earliestA1formal

   Referring to the earliest stage or beginning of something.

   Первый

   • Her first impression of the city was positive.
   • He made his first attempt at painting last year.
   • The first signs of spring are appearing.

   Синонимыbeginninginitialintroductoryopeningoriginalpremierprimary

   Антонимыfinallastlatestterminal

• Описывает то, что существовало или происходило в прошлом, или первый из двух упомянутых объектов.

Describes something that existed or happened in the past, or the first of two things mentioned.

1. First of two mentionedB2formal

   Referring to the first of two things or persons previously mentioned.

   Первый из двух

   • Between coffee and tea, I prefer the former.
   • The former option is more cost-effective.
   • She chose the former candidate over the latter.

   Синонимыfirst

   Антонимыlatter

2. Previous or earlierB1formal

   Belonging to a previous time or period.

   Бывший

   • He is a former president of the company.
   • The former building was demolished last year.
   • She visited her former school for the reunion.

   Синонимыerstwhileforegoingoldpastprecedingpreviousprior

   Антонимыcurrentlatterpresent

3. Immediate pastB1formal

   Used especially of persons to refer to the immediate predecessor in a role.

   Бывший

   • The former manager left the company last month.
   • Our former neighbor moved to another city.
   • The former champion retired after the match.

   Синонимыlastprecedingpreviousprior

4. Distant pastB2formal

   Belonging to a time long ago; ancient or historical.

   Древний

   • The former era was marked by great discoveries.
   • In former times, people traveled by horse and carriage.
   • The former civilization left behind impressive ruins.

   Синонимыancientbygonehistoricaloldenpast

   Антонимыcontemporarycurrentfuturemodernnewpresentrecent

• Существительное, обозначающее первого из двух упомянутых людей или предметов, или первый из двух упомянутых.

A noun referring to the first of two people or things mentioned, or the first mentioned of two.

1. The first mentioned of twoB2formal

   Refers to the first person or thing mentioned in a pair, as opposed to the latter.

   Первый

   • Between coffee and tea, I prefer the former.
   • The former is more expensive than the latter.
   • She chose the former option over the latter.

   Синонимыfirst

   Антонимыlatter