primal

• Относящийся к самой ранней или основной стадии чего-либо; фундаментальный или первобытный.

Relating to the earliest or most basic stage of something; fundamental or primitive.

1. Fundamental or essentialC1formal

   Serving as an essential component; being at the most basic level.

   Основополагающий

   • The need for safety is a primal human instinct.
   • These are the primal elements of the theory.
   • Her primal motivation was to protect her family.

   Синонимыbasicelementaryessentialfundamentalprimaryunderlying

   Антонимыaccessoryderivedincidentalperipheralsecondarysubordinatesuperficial

2. Original or earliestC1formal

   Having existed from the beginning; in an earliest or original stage or state.

   Изначальный

   • The cave paintings depict primal scenes of hunting.
   • They studied the primal forest, untouched by humans.
   • The primal form of the language is no longer spoken.

   Синонимыancientoriginalprimaryprimevalprimitiveprimordial

   Антонимыderivedresultantsecondarysubsequent