r

• Восемнадцатая буква английского алфавита, согласная. Обозначает дрожащий или аппроксимантный звук /r/, произношение которого сильно зависит от диалекта. Используется как сокращение для радиуса, обозначения возрастных ограничений в кино, символа товарного знака и восемнадцатого элемента в последовательности.

The eighteenth letter of the English alphabet and the fourteenth consonant, representing the voiced alveolar or retroflex approximant sound /r/. As a grapheme, 'R' is a rhotic consonant whose pronunciation varies significantly among English dialects; it is fully pronounced in rhotic accents like General American but often dropped or modified after vowels in non-rhotic accents like British Received Pronunciation. It functions as an abbreviation for radius, a designation for restricted movie audiences, a trademark symbol, and the eighteenth item in a sequence.

1. The eighteenth letter of the English alphabetA1formal

   The uppercase or lowercase character (R, r) that constitutes the eighteenth symbol in the Latin-based English alphabet, classified as a liquid consonant. It represents a rhotic sound, often a postalveolar approximant in American English, but tapped, trilled, or vocalized in other dialects. It is sometimes called the 'dog's letter' because its trilled pronunciation resembles a growl.

   Восемнадцатая буква английского алфавита

   • The word 'rain' begins with the letter R.
   • In British English, the R at the end of 'car' is often not pronounced.
   • She rolled her Rs in a strong Scottish accent.
   • The uppercase R is formed with a vertical line, a loop, and a diagonal leg.
   • The letter R is sometimes called the 'dog's letter'.

2. The symbol for radius in geometryB1formalscientific

   The lowercase letter r used as the standard mathematical symbol for the radius of a circle or sphere. The radius is the distance from the center to any point on the circumference or surface. It appears in all fundamental geometric formulas, including C = 2πr for circumference and A = πr² for area.

   Радиус (в геометрии)

   • The circle had a radius r of 5 cm.
   • Calculate the area using the formula A = πr².
   • Doubling the radius r quadruples the area of a circle.
   • The volume of the sphere was calculated with r = 3 meters.
   • The explosion created a blast radius r of over a mile.

3. A motion picture rating for restricted audiencesB1formalamericanart

   The letter R used by the Motion Picture Association of America to indicate that a film is restricted to viewers under 17 who are not accompanied by a parent or adult guardian. This rating signifies content containing adult material such as strong language, intense violence, drug use, or nudity that is considered inappropriate for children.

   Возрастной рейтинг R (до 17 лет с родителями)

   • The movie was rated R for strong language and violence.
   • They were turned away at the cinema because the film was R-rated.
   • Many parents won't let their teenagers see R movies.
   • The director had to cut some scenes to avoid an R rating.
   • An R rating means anyone under 17 needs a parent or guardian.

4. The registered trademark symbolB2formallegal

   The circled uppercase letter R (®) used as a typographic symbol to indicate that a word, phrase, logo, or symbol is a registered trademark with a national or international trademark office. It provides legal notice that the mark is federally protected and unauthorized use is prohibited. It differs from the smaller superscript TM (™), which denotes an unregistered trademark.

   Знак зарегистрированного товарного знака

   • The brand name had the ® symbol next to it on the packaging.
   • Coca-Cola® is one of the most recognized trademarks in the world.
   • The lawyer advised them to put the ® on all their products.
   • The ® symbol means the logo cannot be copied legally.
   • Once registered, you can use the ® instead of the ™ symbol.

5. The eighteenth item in a sequenceA2formal

   A designation used to mark the eighteenth position, item, or category within a structured sequence, directly following Q. It is used in outlines, grading systems, multiple-choice options, seating charts, and classification systems. The letter R is also a grade indicating a repeated course on many university transcripts.

   Восемнадцатый в последовательности

   • Our seats are in Row R, which is near the back of the theater.
   • Please refer to Section R for the legal disclosures.
   • The answer to question 18 was R on the exam key.
   • My transcript shows an R next to that biology course because I retook it.
   • Vitamin R is an informal term sometimes used for methylphenidate.