information warfare

• 指为夺取和保持信息优势而综合运用信息技术与手段，对敌方信息系统、决策过程及公众认知施加影响的作战样式，通常包括宣传、欺骗、网络攻击和心理战等。

The strategic use of information and communication technologies to gain a competitive advantage over an opponent, often involving propaganda, disinformation, cyberattacks, and psychological operations to influence public opinion or disrupt decision-making.

1. Strategic use of informationC1formal

   The use of information and communication technologies to gain a strategic advantage over an opponent, often involving propaganda, disinformation, and cyber attacks.

   信息战

   • The country engaged in information warfare to influence foreign elections.
   • Information warfare tactics include spreading fake news and hacking databases.
   • Modern conflicts often involve information warfare alongside traditional military operations.

2. Cyber conflictC1formal

   A form of conflict where information systems and data are targeted to disrupt, degrade, or destroy an adversary's capabilities.

   网络冲突

   • The company's network was attacked as part of an information warfare campaign.
   • Information warfare can target critical infrastructure like power grids.
   • Defense against information warfare requires robust cybersecurity measures.