vaccinia

• 指一种病毒性感染，既可由接种牛痘病毒以产生对天花的免疫力而引起，也可自然发生于牛，表现为乳房上的轻度皮肤病变。

A noun referring to a viral infection, either induced in humans through inoculation with cowpox virus to provide immunity against smallpox, or occurring naturally in cattle as a mild skin disease affecting the udder.

不可数

1. Human inoculation infectionC2formalmedical

   A localized infection induced in humans by inoculation with the cowpox virus, used historically to provide immunity against smallpox; it typically lasts about three weeks and leaves a pitted scar.

   牛痘接种反应

   • The doctor administered vaccinia to the patient to prevent smallpox.
   • After the vaccination, a small pustule formed, indicating a successful vaccinia infection.
   • Vaccinia was a crucial tool in the eradication of smallpox.

   同义词cowpoxvaccina

2. Bovine viral diseaseC2formalmedical

   A viral disease affecting cattle, causing a mild skin condition on the udder; it was formerly used to inoculate humans against smallpox.

   牛痘

   • The farmer noticed signs of vaccinia in his herd.
   • Vaccinia in cows is generally mild and self-limiting.
   • Historically, milkmaids who contracted vaccinia from cows were found to be immune to smallpox.

   同义词cowpox