whilst

• 连词，引出表示时间、让步或对比的从句；是 while 的正式变体。

A subordinating conjunction used primarily in British English to introduce clauses expressing simultaneity, contrast, or concession; formal equivalent of 'while'.

1. During the time that / SimultaneityB2formalbritish

   Used to introduce a clause indicating that two actions or events occur at the same time; expresses temporal coincidence: 'during the time that', 'at the same time as'.

   当……的时候 / 同时

   • In the UK it is illegal to drive whilst holding a mobile phone.
   • Harrison's clock allowed seamen to keep time accurately whilst at sea.
   • I visited several large cities whilst I was in Scotland.
   • She would talk to the child quietly each night whilst brushing her hair before bedtime.
   • Whilst my companions fished I explored the shores.

2. Although / ConcessionC1formalbritish

   Used to introduce a concessive clause, acknowledging a fact while presenting a contrasting or limiting statement; equivalent to 'although', 'despite the fact that'.

   虽然 / 让步

   • Whilst the results of this study are certainly interesting, they are far from conclusive.
   • Whilst I do agree with some of his opinions, I find his manner very rude.
   • Whilst he missed his brother's company, he nevertheless welcomed the opportunity for being alone with his thoughts.
   • Alcohol is said to help people to sleep, but, whilst it may get people off to sleep more quickly, it can lead to waking later at night.

3. Whereas / ContrastC1formalbritish

   Used to contrast two facts, ideas, or situations; highlights a difference between two subjects or actions: 'compared with the fact that', 'but', 'whereas'.

   而 / 对比

   • He found work immediately, whilst I was turned down again and again.
   • I enjoy cooking whilst she finds it exceedingly boring.
   • She prefers coffee in the morning, whilst I much prefer tea.
   • The earliest known example of 'Dear me' is no older than 1773, whilst 'Oh dear' occurs as early as 1694.