birch bark

• اللحاء الخارجي الصلب المقاوم للماء لقشرة شجرة البتولا، استُخدم تاريخيًا من قبل الشعوب الأصلية في صناعة الزوارق والحاويات وكمواد للكتابة.

The tough, waterproof outer bark of a birch tree, historically used by indigenous peoples for making canoes, containers, and as a writing material.

1. Tree bark materialB2formal

   The outer protective layer of a birch tree, often used historically for making canoes, containers, and writing material.

   لحاء البتولا

   • Native Americans used birch bark to construct lightweight canoes.
   • The ancient manuscript was written on sheets of birch bark.
   • Birch bark is naturally waterproof and durable.

2. Writing surfaceB2formal

   A traditional material used for writing or drawing, especially in ancient cultures.

   لحاء البتولا

   • The birch bark scrolls contained important historical records.
   • Children in some regions learned to write on birch bark.
   • The museum displayed a collection of birch bark letters from the 12th century.