counterreformation

• اسم يشير إلى حركة إصلاحية دينية تهدف إلى مقاومة نتائج إصلاح سابق أو التصدي له، ولا سيما الإصلاح المضاد للبروتستانتية في الكنيسة الكاثوليكية. ويُستخدم أيضاً بمعنى رد الفعل أو المعارضة لأي إصلاح سابق.

A noun referring to a reformation intended to counter the results of a prior reformation.

1. Historical movementC1formal

   A movement within the Catholic Church in the 16th and 17th centuries aimed at reforming itself in response to the Protestant Reformation.

   حركة تاريخية

   • The Counter-Reformation strengthened the authority of the Pope.
   • Many new religious orders were founded during the Counter-Reformation.
   • The Council of Trent was a key event in the Counter-Reformation.

2. General opposition to reformC2formal

   Any action or movement intended to oppose or reverse the effects of a previous reform.

   معارضة الإصلاح

   • The new policies were seen as a counterreformation to the earlier liberal changes.
   • A counterreformation in the company's management style reversed many progressive initiatives.
   • Historians debate whether the political shift was a genuine counterreformation or just a temporary setback.

   المرادفاتbacklashoppositionreactionresistancerollback