replication

• اسم يدل على فعل أو عملية إنشاء نسخة أو مضاعفة أو إعادة إنتاج شيء ما، ويشمل العمليات الحيوية مثل تضاعف الحمض النووي، والاعتراضات القانونية، أو تكرار التجارب.

A noun referring to the act or process of making a copy, duplication, or reproduction of something, including biological processes such as DNA copying, legal pleadings, or experimental repetition.

1. Act of copyingB2formal

   The process or action of making an exact copy or reproduction of something.

   النسخ

   • The replication of the ancient manuscript took several months.
   • Digital replication allows for perfect copies of data.
   • The artist's replication of the painting was remarkably accurate.

   المرادفاتcloningcopycopyingduplicationfacsimilereproduction

2. DNA replicationC1formalscientific

   The biological process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA before division.

   تضاعف الحمض النووي

   • DNA replication is essential for cell division and growth.
   • Errors during replication can lead to genetic mutations.
   • The enzyme helicase unwinds the DNA double helix during replication.

   المرادفاتcopyingduplication

3. Quick replyC1formal

   A swift, often witty or critical response to a question or remark.

   رد سريع

   • Her replication to his argument was sharp and immediate.
   • He was known for his clever replications in debates.
   • The lawyer's replication caught the witness off guard.

   المرادفاتanswercomebackrejoinderresponseretortriposte

4. Legal pleadingC2formallegal

   In law, a formal reply made by a plaintiff in response to the defendant's plea or answer.

   رد المدعي

   • The plaintiff filed a replication to the defendant's counterclaim.
   • The court accepted the replication as part of the legal proceedings.
   • A well-drafted replication can strengthen a case significantly.

   المرادفاتreply

5. Echo or reflectionC1formal

   The repetition of a sound caused by the reflection of sound waves.

   الصدى أو الانعكاس

   • The replication of the sound in the canyon was eerie.
   • The acoustics of the hall created a perfect replication of the music.
   • The echo was a replication of his own voice.

   المرادفاتechoreflectionresonancereverberation

6. Copy or duplicateB2formal

   An object that is a copy of an original; not the original itself.

   نُسخة

   • The museum displayed a replication of the ancient statue.
   • This is not the original document, but a replication.
   • The replication of the artifact was used for educational purposes.

   المرادفاتcarbon copyclonecopyduplicatefacsimilereplicareproduction

   الأضدادoriginalprototype

7. Experiment repetitionC1formalscientific

   The act of repeating an experiment to verify its results and conclusions.

   تكرار التجربة

   • The replication of the study confirmed the initial findings.
   • Scientific replication is crucial for validating research.
   • The team performed a replication of the experiment under controlled conditions.

   المرادفاتduplicationrepeatrepetitionreproduction