empirical

Based on observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.

ruОснованный на наблюдении или опыте, а не на теории или чистой логике.esBasado en la observación o la experiencia, y no en la teoría o la lógica pura; que procede de datos obtenidos mediante experimentos u observación directa.frBasé sur l'observation ou l'expérience plutôt que sur la théorie ou la pure logique.deAuf Beobachtung, Erfahrung oder Experiment beruhend und nicht auf reiner Theorie oder Logik. Bezieht sich auch auf Wissen, das aus sinnlicher Wahrnehmung oder praktischer Erfahrung stammt.ptBaseado na observação, na experiência ou em dados concretos, e não apenas na teoria ou na lógica pura.zh基于观察或经验的，而非基于理论或纯逻辑的。arصفة تعني قائمًا على الملاحظة أو التجربة العملية أو الوقائع، لا على النظرية أو الاستنتاج المنطقي المجرد.

1. Based on observation or experience C1 formal scientific

   Derived from or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.

   • The scientist gathered empirical data from the experiment.
   • Empirical evidence supports the theory of evolution.
   • The study relies on empirical research rather than speculation.

   ruЭмпирическийesempíricofrempiriquedeEmpirischptEmpíricozh经验的arتجريبي

   Synonyme: experientialexperimentalfactualobservationalpracticalpragmatic

   Antonyme: abstractconjecturalhypotheticalrationalisticspeculativetheoretical

2. Practical rather than theoretical C1 formal scientific

   Relying on practical experience or observation, not just ideas.

   • The engineer used an empirical approach to solve the problem.
   • Empirical knowledge is often gained through trial and error.
   • The findings are based on empirical observations of the natural world.

   ruЭмпирическийesempíricofrEmpirique (fondé sur l'expérience)deEmpirischptEmpíricozh经验的arتجريبي

   Synonyme: appliedexperientialhands-onobservationalpracticalpragmatic

   Antonyme: hypotheticalidealspeculativetheoretical

• more empirical comparative form
• most empirical superlative form