empirical

• صفة تعني قائمًا على الملاحظة أو التجربة العملية أو الوقائع، لا على النظرية أو الاستنتاج المنطقي المجرد.

Based on observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.

1. Based on observation or experienceC1formalscientific

   Derived from or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.

   تجريبي

   • The scientist gathered empirical data from the experiment.
   • Empirical evidence supports the theory of evolution.
   • The study relies on empirical research rather than speculation.

   المرادفاتexperientialexperimentalfactualobservationalpracticalpragmatic

   الأضدادabstractconjecturalhypotheticalrationalisticspeculativetheoretical

2. Practical rather than theoreticalC1formalscientific

   Relying on practical experience or observation, not just ideas.

   تجريبي

   • The engineer used an empirical approach to solve the problem.
   • Empirical knowledge is often gained through trial and error.
   • The findings are based on empirical observations of the natural world.

   المرادفاتappliedexperientialhands-onobservationalpracticalpragmatic

   الأضدادhypotheticalidealspeculativetheoretical