to

The preposition 'to' indicates direction or movement toward a place, person, or thing; it marks the recipient of an action, expresses temporal limits, denotes ranges or ratios, shows attachment or connection, indicates purpose with gerunds, and establishes relationships of comparison, result, or accompaniment.

• 🇩🇪Die Präposition 'to' bezeichnet eine Richtung oder Bewegung zu einem Ort, einer Person oder Sache; sie gibt den Empfänger einer Handlung an, drückt zeitliche Grenzen aus, bezeichnet Bereiche oder Verhältnisse, zeigt Zugehörigkeit oder Verbindung, weist auf einen Zweck mit Gerundium hin und stellt Beziehungen des Vergleichs, Ergebnisses oder der Begleitung her.

1. Direction or movement toward A1 formal

   Indicates movement or orientation in the direction of a place, person, or object

   • She went to the store
   • He pointed to the map
   • We're driving to London

   🇩🇪Richtung oder Bewegung auf etwas zu

2. Recipient or indirect object A1 formal

   Marks the person or entity that receives something or for whom an action is performed

   • I gave the book to my friend
   • She sent a letter to her mother
   • This gift is to you

   🇩🇪Empfänger oder indirektes Objekt

3. Temporal limit: up to a point A2 formal

   Indicates a point in time that serves as the endpoint of a duration or action

   • The shop is open from 9 to 5
   • He worked to midnight
   • From beginning to end

   🇩🇪Zeitliche Grenze: bis zu einem Zeitpunkt

4. Range, limit, or ratio A2 formal

   Expresses a span between two points, values, or quantities, or a comparative ratio

   • The temperature rose from 10 to 25 degrees
   • The odds are 3 to 1
   • Scores ranged from 50 to 90

   🇩🇪Bereich, Grenze oder Verhältnis

5. Result, consequence, or outcome B1 formal

   Indicates that something leads to or results in a particular state, condition, or effect

   • His actions led to success
   • The argument escalated to a fight
   • This road leads to the highway

   🇩🇪zu, in, bis

6. Attachment, connection, or belonging B1 formal

   Shows a relationship of association, ownership, or logical connection between two entities

   • This is the key to the door
   • She found the answer to the question
   • He has a strong attachment to his hometown

   🇩🇪Zugehörigkeit, Verbindung, Zuordnung

7. Purpose with gerund (phrasal verbs) B2 formal

   Used with certain verbs or expressions followed by a gerund to indicate purpose, anticipation, or orientation toward an action

   • I look forward to seeing you
   • She's committed to improving
   • He objected to paying the fee

   🇩🇪Zweck mit Gerundium

8. Accompaniment or synchronization B1 formal art

   Indicates that an action occurs in rhythm with, in response to, or alongside something else

   • They danced to the music
   • She sang to the guitar
   • He nodded to the beat

   🇩🇪Begleitung, Gleichzeitigkeit, im Takt

9. Comparison or opposition B2 formal

   Used to introduce the second element in a comparison or to express contrast between two entities

   • I prefer tea to coffee
   • The score was 2 to 1
   • Compared to last year, sales are up

   🇩🇪Vergleich und Gegensatz

10. Limit of perception or extent C1 formal

    Indicates the degree, extent, or limit to which something is perceived, felt, or applicable

    • To my surprise, he agreed
    • The water came up to my knees
    • To a certain extent, I agree

    🇩🇪Grenze der Wahrnehmung oder Ausdehnung