degree of freedom

• Термин, используемый в физике, инженерии, статистике и математике, обозначающий количество независимых параметров или переменных, которые могут свободно изменяться в системе или вычислениях без нарушения каких-либо ограничений.

A term used in physics, engineering, statistics, and mathematics referring to the number of independent parameters or variables that can vary freely in a system or calculation without violating any constraints.

1. Physics and EngineeringC1formal

   The number of independent parameters that define the configuration or state of a physical system.

   Степень свободы

   • A simple pendulum has one degree of freedom.
   • The robot arm has six degrees of freedom for movement.
   • In thermodynamics, each molecule has multiple degrees of freedom.

2. Statistics and MathematicsC1formal

   The number of values in a calculation that are free to vary, used in hypothesis testing and model fitting.

   Статистика и математика

   • The t-test uses degrees of freedom to determine the critical value.
   • In regression analysis, degrees of freedom affect the model's accuracy.
   • The chi-square test's degrees of freedom depend on the number of categories.

3. General UsageB2formal

   The scope or range of options available to someone in a given situation.

   Степень свободы

   • The new policy gives employees more degrees of freedom in their work.
   • He has a high degree of freedom in choosing his research topics.
   • The contract allows a certain degree of freedom for negotiation.