degree of freedom

• 在物理、工程、统计学和数学中使用的术语，指系统或计算中可以自由变化而不违反任何约束的独立参数或变量的数量。

A term used in physics, engineering, statistics, and mathematics referring to the number of independent parameters or variables that can vary freely in a system or calculation without violating any constraints.

1. Physics and EngineeringC1formal

   The number of independent parameters that define the configuration or state of a physical system.

   自由度

   • A simple pendulum has one degree of freedom.
   • The robot arm has six degrees of freedom for movement.
   • In thermodynamics, each molecule has multiple degrees of freedom.

2. Statistics and MathematicsC1formal

   The number of values in a calculation that are free to vary, used in hypothesis testing and model fitting.

   统计与数学

   • The t-test uses degrees of freedom to determine the critical value.
   • In regression analysis, degrees of freedom affect the model's accuracy.
   • The chi-square test's degrees of freedom depend on the number of categories.

3. General UsageB2formal

   The scope or range of options available to someone in a given situation.

   自由度

   • The new policy gives employees more degrees of freedom in their work.
   • He has a high degree of freedom in choosing his research topics.
   • The contract allows a certain degree of freedom for negotiation.