foliation

• Существительное с несколькими специальными значениями: в ботанике — процесс образования листьев; в геологии — расположение листовидных слоёв в горной породе; в архитектуре — листовидный орнамент; также производство металлической фольги или процесс покрытия стекла металлической фольгой.

A noun with multiple specialized meanings: in botany, the process of forming leaves; in geology, the arrangement of leaflike layers in rock; in architecture, leaf-like ornamentation; also the production of metal foil or the process of coating glass with metal foil.

uncountable

1. Leaf formationC1formalscientific

   The process by which plants develop and form leaves.

   Листообразование

   • The foliation of the maple tree occurs in early spring.
   • Botanists study foliation to understand plant growth cycles.
   • The foliation process is influenced by temperature and light.

   Synonymsleafing

2. Rock layeringC1formalscientific

   The arrangement of thin, leaflike layers or bands within a metamorphic rock.

   Сланцеватость

   • The geologist identified distinct foliation in the schist sample.
   • Foliation in rocks is often caused by intense pressure.
   • The foliation patterns help determine the rock's history.

   Synonymslaminationlayering

3. Architectural ornamentC2formalart

   A decorative element in architecture that resembles leaves or foliage.

   Лиственный орнамент

   • The cathedral's columns feature intricate foliation.
   • Gothic architecture is known for its detailed stone foliation.
   • The architect added foliation to the capitals of the pillars.

   Synonymsfoliageleafage

4. Metal foil productionC2formaltechnical

   The process of cutting or beating metal into thin, leaf-like sheets, known as foil.

   Производство металлической фольги

   • The artisan specialized in the foliation of gold for gilding.
   • Foliation of silver requires careful hammering techniques.
   • The factory uses modern machinery for the foliation of aluminum.

   Synonymsfoilingleafing

5. Glass coatingC2formaltechnical

   The work of applying a thin layer of metal foil to the surface of glass, often for decorative or reflective purposes.

   Фольгирование

   • The craftsman performed the foliation of the mirror with silver.
   • Foliation of glass is a delicate process requiring precision.
   • Antique mirrors often show signs of old foliation techniques.

   Synonymsfoiling