harden

A verb used to indicate the process of becoming or making something hard, solid, or resistant, or of becoming less sympathetic or more severe.

ruГлагол, используемый для обозначения процесса становления или придания чему-либо твёрдости, прочности или устойчивости, а также для обозначения уменьшения сочувствия или усиления строгости.esVerbo que designa el proceso de volverse o hacer algo más duro, firme o resistente, así como la disminución de la compasión o el aumento de la severidad.frVerbe utilisé pour désigner le processus de devenir ou de rendre quelque chose dur, résistant ou stable, ainsi que pour indiquer une diminution de la sympathie ou un renforcement de la sévérité.deVerb, das den Prozess bezeichnet, fest, hart oder widerstandsfähig zu werden oder etwas so zu machen; auch im übertragenen Sinne für das Abnehmen von Mitgefühl oder das Strengerwerden.ptVerbo usado para indicar o processo de tornar-se ou tornar algo duro, firme ou resistente, e também para indicar o aumento da severidade ou a diminuição da compaixão.zh动词，表示使某物变硬、变坚固或更稳定，也指变得无情、严厉或更坚定。arفعل يُستخدم للدلالة على عملية becoming أو جعل شيء ما صلبًا أو متينًا أو مقاومًا، وكذلك للدلالة على قسوة القلب أو فقدان الرحمة أو زيادة الصرامة.

1. Become solid or firm B1 formal

   To become physically hard or solid, or to make something become hard.

   • The cement will harden within a few hours.
   • Allow the glue to harden before moving the pieces.
   • The lava hardened into rock as it cooled.

   ruЗатвердетьesEndurecerse, solidificarsefrDurcir, se solidifierdeHart werdenptEndurecerzh变硬arيتصلب

   Synonyms: cakeclotcongealfreezesetsolidifystiffenthicken

   Antonyms: dissolveliquefymeltsoften

2. Become tough or unfeeling B2 formal

   To become more severe, strict, or less sympathetic.

   • Years of disappointment hardened his heart.
   • The government hardened its stance on immigration.
   • She hardened herself against the criticism.

   ruОжесточитьсяesendurecerse (volverse insensible)frs'endurcirdeHart werdenptEndurecerzh变得冷酷arقسا قلبه

   Synonyms: callousdesensitizeindurateinuretoughen

   Antonyms: mellowrelentsoften

3. Strengthen or reinforce B2 formal

   To make something stronger or more resistant.

   • The company hardened its security protocols after the breach.
   • Regular exercise hardens the muscles.
   • They hardened the steel to make it more durable.

   ruУкрепитьesendurecer, reforzarfrDurcir, renforcerdeStärkenptFortificarzh加强arتقوية

   Synonyms: annealfortifyreinforcesolidifysteelstiffenstrengthentempertoughen

   Antonyms: debilitatesoftenundermineweaken

• hardened past participle
• hardened past simple
• hardening present participle
• hardens third person singular