toughen

A verb used to indicate the act of making or becoming stronger, more resilient, or more difficult.

ruГлагол, используемый для обозначения действия по приданию или приобретению большей прочности, устойчивости или сложности.esVerbo utilizado para denotar la acción de hacer o volverse más resistente, fuerte, duro o difícil; también puede referirse a hacer a alguien emocionalmente más fuerte o insensible.frVerbe utilisé pour désigner l'action de rendre ou de devenir plus résistant, plus dur ou plus robuste, tant au sens physique que moral.deVerb, das angibt, dass jemand oder etwas härter, widerstandsfähiger, zäher oder strenger gemacht wird oder dies selbst erlangt.ptVerbo usado para indicar a ação de tornar ou se tornar mais forte, resistente ou severo. Pode se referir a tornar algo fisicamente mais resistente, a fortalecer o caráter ou a tornar uma situação mais difícil.zh动词，指使某物变得更强韧、更坚固、更耐用，或指使人变得坚强、更坚毅；也可指使态度、政策等变得更严厉或更强硬。arفعل يدل على جعل الشيء أو الشخص أكثر صلابة أو قوة أو متانة، أو على اكتساب تلك الصلابة والقوة، ويُستعمل أيضًا بمعنى زيادة الشدة أو القسوة.

1. Make stronger or harder B2 formal

   To make something physically stronger, harder, or more resilient.

   • The blacksmith toughened the steel by heating and cooling it.
   • Regular exercise toughens your muscles and bones.
   • The coating is designed to toughen the surface against scratches.

   ruУкреплятьesEndurecer, fortalecerfrDurcir, renforcerdeHärtenptTornar mais resistentezh使坚固arتقوية وتصلb

   Synonyms: annealfortifyhardenreinforceseasonstiffenstrengthentemperthicken

   Antonyms: debilitateenfeeblesoftenweaken

2. Make mentally or emotionally stronger B2 formal

   To make someone more resilient, less sensitive, or better able to handle difficult situations.

   • Living alone in a new city toughened her character.
   • The coach's strict training toughened the players mentally.
   • Adversity can toughen a person's resolve.

   ruЗакалитьesEndurecer (emocionalmente)frendurcir (moralement)deAbhärtenptFortalecer emocionalmentezh磨炼arتقوية النفس

   Synonyms: bracefortifyhardeninuresteelstrengthen

   Antonyms: sensitizesoftenweaken

• toughened past participle
• toughened past simple
• toughening present participle
• toughens third person singular