sap

• Существительное с несколькими значениями: водянистый раствор, циркулирующий по сосудистой системе растения; человек, лишённый здравого смысла; или кожаный металлический предмет с гибкой рукояткой, используемый для ударов.

A noun with multiple meanings: a watery solution circulating through a plant's vascular system; a person lacking good judgment; or a leather-covered metal piece with a flexible handle used for striking.

1. Plant fluidB1formalscientific

   The watery solution of sugars, salts, and minerals that circulates through the vascular system of a plant, providing nourishment.

   Сок растений

   • Maple sap is collected in early spring to make syrup.
   • The tree's sap flowed freely from the cut in the bark.
   • Plants transport nutrients through their sap.

   Synonymsfluidjuiceliquidliquor

2. Foolish personB2informal

   A person who is easily tricked or lacks good judgment; a naive individual.

   Простак

   • He felt like a sap for believing her lies.
   • Don't be such a sap; he's just using you.
   • Only a sap would fall for that old trick.

   Synonymschumpdupefoolgreenhorngullnaifpigeonpushoversimpletonsucker

   Antonymscynicrealistskepticsophisticate

3. Bludgeon weaponC1formal

   A piece of metal covered by leather with a flexible handle, used for hitting people; a type of blackjack or cosh.

   Кистень

   • The detective found a sap in the suspect's pocket.
   • He was struck with a sap during the robbery.
   • The weapon was identified as a leather-covered sap.

   Synonymsblackjackcosh

• Глагол, используемый для обозначения постепенного истощения или ослабления чего-либо, например, энергии, сил или ресурсов.

A verb used to indicate the act of gradually draining or weakening something, such as energy, strength, or resources.

1. Deplete or drainB2formal

   To gradually weaken or drain someone's energy, strength, or resources.

   Истощать

   • The long illness sapped all his energy.
   • Constant criticism can sap a person's confidence.
   • The heat sapped the strength of the workers.

   Synonymsbleedconsumedepletediminishdrainenervateexhaustreduceweaken

   Antonymsenergizefortifyinvigoratereplenishstrengthen

2. Excavate or undermineC1formal

   To dig or excavate beneath something, especially to weaken its foundation.

   Подкапывать

   • The engineers sapped the ground to build the tunnel.
   • They sapped the wall's foundation to cause it to collapse.
   • The miners sapped the earth to reach the ore.

   Synonymsburrowexcavateminesubverttunnelundermineweaken

   Antonymsbolsterreinforcestrengthensupport