superstratum

• Существительное, обозначающее слой или пласт, расположенный поверх другого, или в лингвистике — язык, навязанный более поздней вторгающейся группой, который влияет на местный язык.

A noun referring to a layer or stratum that is placed over another, or in linguistics, a language imposed by a later invading group that influences the indigenous language.

irregular plural

1. Overlying layerC2formal

   A stratum or layer that lies above or is deposited on top of another.

   Вышележащий слой

   • The geologist identified a superstratum of sandstone above the limestone.
   • In the archaeological dig, a superstratum of ash covered the ancient ruins.
   • The superstratum of soil was rich in organic matter.

   Synonymscoveringoverlay

   Antonymssubstratumunderground

2. Dominant language influenceC2formal

   The language of a later invading or culturally dominant group that is imposed on an indigenous population and contributes structural or lexical features to their language.

   Доминирующее языковое влияние

   • French served as a superstratum over English after the Norman Conquest, adding many vocabulary items.
   • The Arabic superstratum influenced the vocabulary of Persian and Turkish.
   • Linguists study how a superstratum can reshape the grammar of a substrate language.

   Synonymssuperstrate