topography

• Существительное, обозначающее расположение природных и искусственных физических особенностей местности, а также детальное изучение и картографирование этих поверхностных характеристик.

A noun referring to the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area, or the detailed study and mapping of those surface features.

uncountable

1. Surface features of an areaB2formal

   The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area, including hills, valleys, rivers, and roads.

   Рельеф местности

   • The topography of the region includes steep mountains and deep valleys.
   • Engineers studied the topography before building the new highway.
   • The map shows the topography of the entire island.

   Synonymsgeographygroundlandscapeterrain

2. Detailed study of surface featuresC1formal

   The scientific or precise description and analysis of the surface features of a place or region.

   Топография

   • Topography is essential for understanding land use and drainage patterns.
   • The course covers the basics of topography and cartography.
   • She specializes in the topography of coastal areas.

   Synonymscartographygeomorphologyphysiographysurveyingtopology