underground press

• Относится к независимым, неосновным или подпольным издательским операциям, часто связанным с политическим инакомыслием, контркультурными движениями или альтернативными СМИ, действующими вне официальных или коммерческих каналов.

Refers to independent, non-mainstream, or clandestine publishing operations, often associated with political dissent, counterculture movements, or alternative media that operate outside official or commercial channels.

1. Alternative mediaC1formal

   A collection of independent, non-mainstream publications that operate outside of official or corporate control, often focusing on political dissent, counterculture, or suppressed topics.

   Альтернативные СМИ

   • The underground press played a crucial role in spreading information during the political crisis.
   • Many artists and writers first published their work in the underground press.
   • The government attempted to shut down the underground press for its critical reporting.