on

The preposition 'on' indicates position on a surface, time (days, dates), means of transport, means of communication, direction, reason, topic, membership of a group, source of livelihood and other relations.

ruна, по, в, о, при, во время, с помощью, за счёт, после, противesIndica posición encima o en contacto con una superficie, ubicación, tiempo (días o fechas), tema, medio o manera, y estado o condición.frPréposition indiquant une position ou un contact sur une surface, un moment précis, un sujet traité, un moyen ou une manière, une durée, une opposition ou une cause.deDrückt räumliche Lage auf einer Oberfläche, zeitliche Nähe oder Bezug aus; bezeichnet Berührung, Grund, Art und Weise, Thema oder Zeitpunkt.ptPreposição que indica posição sobre uma superfície, contato, suporte, direção/tema, tempo determinado (dias/datas), modo/meio e também dependência ou sustento.zh表示位置在某物之上或表面接触；也表示时间、方式、状态、依据、涉及对象等关系。arحرف جر يدل على الاستعلاء أو الملاصقة، وعلى الظرفية الزمانية أو المكانية، وعلى الموضوع أو السبب، وعلى الوسيلة أو الاعتماد، وعلى التعاقب أو المقابلة.

1. Position on a surface A1 formal

   Indicates the position of something touching or covering the surface of another thing.

   • a picture on a wall
   • Put it down on the table
   • There's a mark on your skirt

   ruнаesSobre una superficiefrPosition sur une surfacedeLage auf einer Oberflächeptsobrezh在……上arعلى

2. Time: days and dates A1 formal

   Used with specific days of the week, dates, holidays and special days.

   • He came on Sunday
   • on May the first
   • on your birthday

   ruв, поesTiempo: días y fechasfrTemps : jours et datesdeZeit: Tage und Datenptem, no, na (dias e datas)zh在（用于星期、日期和节日）arحرف جر للزمن: الأيام والتواريخ

3. Means of transport A2 formal

   Indicates the vehicle or kind of transport by which someone travels.

   • He was on the plane from New York
   • to travel on the bus
   • I came on my bike

   ruнаesEn (medio de transporte)frMoyen de transportdeVerkehrsmittelptmeio de transportezh乘坐arعلى

4. Means of communication or media A2 formal IT

   Indicates the device, platform or medium through which information is received or communication takes place.

   • The information is available on the internet
   • We spoke on the phone
   • What's on TV?

   ruпо, в, наesMedio o plataforma de comunicaciónfrMoyen de communication ou médiadeMittel der Kommunikation oder Medienptmeio de comunicação ou mídiazh通过，用，在……上arوسيلة الاتصال أو الإعلام

5. Direction or location A2 formal

   Indicates a side, a direction or closeness to a particular place.

   • on the left/right
   • a town on the coast
   • a house on the Thames

   ruна, у, поessobre, en, haciafrDirection ou positiondeRichtung und Lageptdireção, lado ou localizaçãozh在…上；朝；向arعلى، إلى، عند

6. Basis or reason B1 formal

   Indicates the basis, reason or source for an action or a statement.

   • a story based on fact
   • On their advice I applied for the job

   ruна основании, по, исходя изesBase, fundamento o causafrFondement, raisondeaufgrund, wegen, infolgeptcom base em, devido azh根据，由于，基于arاستنادًا إلى، بناءً على، بسبب

7. Topic or subject B1 formal

   Indicates the topic, subject or object of study, discussion or content.

   • a book on South Africa
   • She tested us on irregular verbs

   ruо, по, проessobre, acerca de (tema)frSur (thème/sujet)deüber, von, zuptSobre, a respeito dezh关于、论及arعن، بشأن

8. Membership of a group B2 formal business

   Indicates membership of an organization, committee, team or other group.

   • to be on the committee
   • Whose side are you on?

   ruв, на сторонеesMiembro de un grupofrMembre d'un groupedeZugehörigkeit zu einer Gruppeptem, do lado dezh属于，在……一边arالانتماء إلى جماعة أو منظمة

9. Source of livelihood B1 informal

   Indicates the source of income, food or support on which someone lives or exists.

   • He lived on a diet of junk food
   • to live on a pension
   • Drinks are on me

   ruза счёт, на, благодаряesvivir defrvivre dedevon, aus, dankptfonte de subsistênciazh靠，以…为生arعلى، من، بفضل

10. Immediately after an event B2 formal

    Indicates an action that happens immediately after another event or moment.

    • On arriving home I discovered they had gone
    • Please report to reception on arrival

    ruпо, сразу после, приesinmediatamente después defrimmédiatement aprèsdeunmittelbar nach, sofort nach, beiptlogo após, assim quezh一…就…arعَقِبَ، فورَ، عند