hardpan

• 名词，指土壤或底土中坚硬、密实的层次，常因钙质胶结形成硬壳，多见于干旱或半干旱地区。也泛指任何坚硬、板结的土层。

A noun referring to a hard, compacted layer of soil or subsoil, often encrusted with calcium carbonate, typically found in arid or semiarid regions.

1. Hard subsoil layerC1formal

   A compacted, hardened layer of soil found beneath the surface, often cemented with minerals like calcium carbonate, common in dry regions.

   硬磐层

   • The farmer's plow could not penetrate the hardpan beneath the topsoil.
   • In arid climates, hardpan can prevent water from draining properly.
   • Construction crews had to break through the hardpan to lay the foundation.

   同义词caliche