jehad

• 指穆斯林为信仰而进行的圣战或神圣斗争，也指穆斯林在道德、精神或政治方面所作的奋斗或努力。

A noun referring to a holy war waged by Muslims against infidels, or a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral, spiritual, or political goal.

1. Spiritual struggleC1formal

   A personal, internal effort by a Muslim to live according to Islamic faith and morals.

   精神斗争

   • He described his daily prayers as a form of jehad against his own laziness.
   • The scholar spoke about the greater jehad being the struggle against one's ego.
   • For many, jehad is a lifelong commitment to spiritual growth.

   同义词effortendeavorexertionstrivingstruggle

2. External struggle or effortC1formal

   A collective effort to defend or promote Islam, which can include social, political, or military action.

   外部奋斗或努力

   • The community engaged in a jehad for social justice and equality.
   • Historically, jehad has been interpreted as a struggle against oppression.
   • Some groups have used the term jehad to justify armed conflict.

   同义词crusade