jihad

• 名词，指穆斯林为信仰而进行的圣战或神圣斗争，也指穆斯林为道德、精神或政治目标所作的奋斗或努力。

A noun referring to a holy war waged by Muslims against infidels, or a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral, spiritual, or political goal.

1. Holy war against non-believersC1formal

   a religious struggle, often interpreted as a holy war waged by Muslims against those who do not follow Islam

   针对异教徒的圣战

   • The extremist group called for a jihad against the foreign forces.
   • Historically, the concept of jihad has been used to justify military campaigns.
   • Many scholars debate the true meaning of jihad as a war of defense.

   同义词crusade

2. Personal spiritual struggleC1formal

   a holy striving or effort by a Muslim to achieve moral, spiritual, or political goals

   个人的精神奋斗

   • For many Muslims, jihad refers to the inner struggle to live a righteous life.
   • The greater jihad is the daily battle against one's own selfish desires.
   • She considers her charity work a form of peaceful jihad.

   同义词effortendeavorstrivingstruggle