pastoral

• 指与乡村生活或田园风光有关的；也用于形容宗教领袖对信徒的灵性关怀或引导。

Relating to the countryside or rural life; also used to describe the spiritual care or guidance provided by a religious leader.

1. Relating to a pastorB2formal

   Concerning the duties, work, or role of a religious pastor or spiritual leader.

   牧师的

   • The priest offered pastoral care to the grieving family.
   • She attended a pastoral counseling session at the church.
   • His pastoral duties include visiting the sick and elderly.

   同义词clericalecclesiasticalministerialpriestly

2. Relating to shepherds or livestockB2formal

   Connected with shepherds, herding, or the raising of sheep and cattle.

   牧人的

   • The pastoral landscape was dotted with sheep and cattle.
   • They studied traditional pastoral farming methods in the highlands.
   • The nomadic tribe maintained a pastoral lifestyle for centuries.

   同义词bucolicrustic

3. Idyllic rural lifeB2formalart

   Describing an idealized, peaceful, and simple country life, often in a romanticized way.

   田园牧歌式的乡村生活

   • The painting depicted a pastoral scene with rolling hills and a calm river.
   • They dreamed of a pastoral existence away from the noisy city.
   • The poet wrote about the pastoral beauty of the English countryside.

   同义词arcadianbucoliccountryidyllicruralrusticsylvan

   反义词cosmopolitanindustrialmetropolitansophisticatedurban

• 名词，有多重含义：引发田园生活意象的音乐作品；牧师写给教众的书信；或理想化乡村生活（尤其是牧人生活）的文学作品。

A noun with multiple meanings: a musical composition evoking rural life; a letter from a pastor to a congregation; or a literary work idealizing rural life, especially that of shepherds.

1. Musical compositionB2formalart

   A piece of music that evokes rural life, often with a calm and simple melody.

   田园曲

   • Beethoven's Sixth Symphony is a famous pastoral.
   • The composer wrote a pastoral for the flute and strings.
   • The orchestra performed a gentle pastoral that reminded listeners of the countryside.

   同义词idyllpastorale

2. Pastoral letterB2formal

   A formal letter written by a pastor or bishop to the members of a church or congregation.

   教牧书信

   • The bishop issued a pastoral on the importance of community service.
   • The pastoral was read aloud during Sunday service.
   • The church published a pastoral addressing recent social issues.

   同义词encyclicalepistlemissive

3. C1formalart

   A literary work that idealizes rural life, especially the life of shepherds.

   田园诗

   • The poet's pastoral describes a peaceful shepherd's life.
   • This pastoral is considered a classic of English literature.
   • The novel is a pastoral that contrasts city and country life.

   同义词bucoliceclogueidyll