sophisticated

• 形容事物复杂、精致或先进，尤指在设计、技术或文化方面；也可形容人见多识广、老练精明。

Describes something that is complex, refined, or advanced in design, technology, or culture.

1. Cultured or refinedB2formal

   Having refined tastes, manners, or knowledge of culture and fashion.

   精致优雅的

   • She is a sophisticated woman who enjoys opera and fine dining.
   • The hotel has a sophisticated atmosphere with elegant decor.
   • He has a sophisticated sense of style.

   同义词cosmopolitancultivatedcultureddiscerningelegantpolishedrefinedsuaveurbaneworldly

   反义词naiveprovincialunculturedunrefinedunsophisticated

2. Complex or advancedB2formal

   Highly developed, complex, or advanced in design, technology, or thinking.

   复杂或先进

   • The software uses sophisticated algorithms to analyze data.
   • This is a sophisticated piece of engineering.
   • The argument requires a sophisticated understanding of economics.

   同义词advancedcomplexcomplicatedcutting-edgeelaboratehigh-techintricaterefinedstate-of-the-artsubtle

   反义词basiccrudeelementaryprimitivesimpleunsophisticated

• 过时动词，指掺假、伪造或使不纯、失真，常指掺入质量较差的东西。

An archaic verb meaning to corrupt, adulterate, or make impure or less genuine, often by mixing with something inferior.

1. Make less natural or innocentC1formal

   To cause someone or something to lose natural simplicity or innocence, often through worldly experience or artificial refinement.

   使失去纯真

   • The constant exposure to city life had sophisticated the young artist, making her work less naive.
   • He worried that the boarding school would sophisticate his son too quickly.
   • The process of marketing sophisticated the product's original, rustic appeal.

   同义词coarsencorruptdebasedegradedepraveperverttaint

   反义词simplify

2. Practice sophistry; mislead or deceiveC2formal

   To use clever but false arguments or to be deliberately vague in order to deceive or mislead someone.

   诡辩

   • The politician sophisticated his statements to avoid giving a direct answer.
   • They sophisticated the data to make the results appear more favorable.
   • Instead of clarifying the issue, he sophisticated the meaning of the terms.

   同义词beguiledeceivedeludeequivocatefoolhoodwinkmisleadmisrepresentprevaricatequibble

3. Alter and make impure, often to deceiveC2formal

   To adulterate or tamper with something, such as a substance or product, with the intention to deceive or cheat.

   掺假

   • The wine was sophisticated with water and cheaper additives.
   • They sophisticated the gold by mixing it with other metals.
   • The laboratory discovered that the sample had been sophisticated to hide its true composition.

   同义词adulteratecontaminatecorruptdebasedilutedoctortaintwater down

   反义词purifyrefine

4. Make more complex or refinedC1formal

   To make something more intricate, developed, or elegant in design, function, or character.

   使复杂或精炼

   • The engineers sophisticated the software to handle more complex calculations.
   • Over the years, the chef sophisticated his recipes with exotic ingredients.
   • The design was sophisticated to appeal to a more discerning clientele.

   同义词complicatedevelopelaborateelevateenhanceimproveperfectpolishrefine

   反义词coarsensimplify