presumption

• 指未经证实即被当作事实的假设，或从已知事实推出的结论，常用于法律语境；也可指傲慢、放肆的行为。

A noun referring to an assumption taken for granted, or an inference of truth from proven facts, often used in legal contexts; it can also denote audacious or arrogant behavior.

1. AssumptionB2formal

   A belief or idea that is accepted as true without proof or evidence.

   假定

   • The presumption of innocence is a key principle in law.
   • His argument was based on a false presumption.
   • We made the presumption that the data was accurate.

   同义词assumptionbeliefconjectureguesshypothesisinferencenotionpremisepresuppositionsuppositionsurmisesuspicion

   反义词certaintyevidencefactknowledgeproofverification

2. Legal inferenceC1formallegal

   In law, a conclusion about the truth of a fact based on other proven or admitted facts.

   推定

   • The court applied a presumption of fact in the case.
   • Under the law, there is a presumption that the document is authentic.
   • The judge explained the legal presumption to the jury.

   同义词assumptionconclusiondeductioninferencesupposition

3. Arrogant behaviorC1formal

   Behavior that is overly bold, confident, or disrespectful, often without justification.

   自以为是

   • His presumption in interrupting the speaker was shocking.
   • She had the presumption to criticize the expert's work.
   • The manager's presumption annoyed the entire team.

   同义词arroganceaudacityboldnesscheekeffronteryimpertinenceimpudencenervepresumptuousness

   反义词bashfulnessdiffidencehumilitymodesty

4. Discourteous actC1formal

   An act of rudeness or disrespect that involves taking something for granted or overstepping boundaries.

   放肆

   • It was a presumption for him to use her office without asking.
   • The guest's presumption in arriving uninvited was noted.
   • She considered his request a presumption of their friendship.

   同义词audacitycheekeffronterygallimpertinenceimpudencenervetemerity

   反义词courtesydeferencepolitenessrespect