gall

• 名词，指无耻、鲁莽或粗鲁的行为；也指肝脏分泌的胆汁，或任何苦味物质。

A noun referring to bold, impudent, or rude behavior; also refers to bile produced by the liver, or a bitter substance.

不可数

1. Boldness or impudenceB2informal

   Rude and disrespectful behavior; nerve.

   厚颜无耻

   • He had the gall to ask for a raise after arriving late every day.
   • She had the gall to criticize my work without knowing the details.
   • I can't believe he had the gall to lie to my face.

   同义词audacitybrasscheekchutzpaheffronteryimpudenceinsolencenervepresumptiontemerity

   反义词courtesyhumilitymodestypolitenessrespecttimidity

2. Bitter liquidC1formalmedical

   A bitter fluid secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, aiding digestion.

   胆汁

   • The doctor examined the patient's gall for signs of infection.
   • Bile, also known as gall, helps break down fats in the small intestine.
   • An excess of gall can lead to digestive discomfort.

   同义词bilecholer

3. Plant growthC2formalscientific

   An abnormal growth on plants, often caused by insects or fungi.

   虫瘿

   • The oak tree had a large gall on its branch.
   • Galls are often used in traditional medicine.
   • The insect laid its eggs inside the plant, causing a gall to form.

• 动词，表示使人烦恼、恼怒或感到受辱，也指皮肤被摩擦而破损发炎。

A verb used to express the act of causing irritation, annoyance, or resentment, or to describe the process of becoming sore or chafed.

1. To irritate or annoyC1formal

   To cause someone to feel annoyed, irritated, or resentful.

   使恼怒

   • His constant complaining galled his coworkers.
   • It galled her to see him take credit for her work.
   • The unfair decision galled the entire team.

   同义词angerannoychafeexasperatefretirritatenettlepiqueprovokeranklerilevex

   反义词appeasecheercomfortconsoledelightgratifypacifyplacatepleasesoothe