rudimentary

• 指某事物处于最基础、初步或未充分发展的阶段。也可表示简单、粗糙、不完善。

Describes something that is basic, simple, or not fully developed.

1. Basic or fundamentalB2formal

   Involving or limited to the most basic and essential facts or principles.

   基本的

   • He has only a rudimentary understanding of physics.
   • The course covers the rudimentary aspects of programming.
   • She learned the rudimentary skills needed for the job.

   同义词basicelementaryessentialfundamentalintroductorypreliminaryprimarysimple

   反义词advancedcomplexdevelopedelaboratesophisticated

2. Early stage of developmentB2formal

   Being in the earliest or most primitive stages of development.

   原始的

   • The technology is still in a rudimentary form.
   • They built a rudimentary shelter from branches and leaves.
   • The early computer was a rudimentary machine compared to today's models.

   同义词basicearlyelementaryembryonicimmatureincipientinitialnascentprimitiveundeveloped

   反义词advanceddevelopedmaturesophisticated

3. Not fully developed (biology)C1formal

   Referring to an organ or part that is not fully developed in mature animals, often vestigial.

   退化的

   • The whale has rudimentary hind leg bones.
   • Some snakes have rudimentary pelvic spurs.
   • The human appendix is considered a rudimentary organ.

   同义词abortiveatrophieddegenerateembryonicimperfectprimitiveundevelopedvestigial

   反义词advanceddevelopedmature