um

• 语气词，表示说话时的停顿、思考或犹豫。

A very common interjection used as a hesitation marker or filler word in speech. It indicates that the speaker is pausing to think, searching for words, or is uncertain about what to say next. It is functionally similar to 'uh' but often perceived as slightly more prolonged or contemplative.

1. Hesitation marker while formulating thoughtsA1informal

   Used to hold the floor in conversation while the speaker thinks of the next word or idea. It signals that the turn is not yet complete and prevents interruption.

   思考时的犹豫标记

   • I’d like, um, a coffee please.
   • Um, let me see... I think it was blue.
   • The meeting is on, um, Thursday.

2. Expression of uncertainty or doubtA2informal

   Used when the speaker is unsure of a fact, answer, or decision. It often precedes a tentative statement or indicates a lack of confidence in the information being provided.

   表示不确定或怀疑

   • Um, I’m not sure if I can come.
   • Is this, um, the right address?
   • Um, maybe we should wait.

3. Signal of awkwardness or reluctanceB1informal

   Used to indicate discomfort, embarrassment, or reluctance to speak on a particular topic. It can soften a refusal or a difficult statement.

   尴尬或不愿开口的信号

   • Um, actually, I don't agree with that.
   • Um, could you possibly help me?
   • So, um, about that money you owe me...