antecedent

• صفة تصف ما يسبق غيره منطقيًا أو زمنيًا، كشرط أو سبب أو حدث يقع قبله. وتُستعمل أيضًا لوصف الشيء السابق في الترتيب أو المقام.

Describes something that logically or chronologically precedes another event, condition, or cause.

1. Previous or priorC1formal

   Existing or occurring before in time or order.

   سابق

   • The antecedent events led to the current crisis.
   • Antecedent conditions must be considered in the analysis.
   • The antecedent period of the study was carefully documented.

   المرادفاتanteriorforegoingformerprecedingpreviousprior

   الأضدادensuingfollowingresultantsubsequentsucceeding

2. Preceding in logic or grammarC2formal

   Referring to a word, phrase, or clause that is replaced by a pronoun or that logically comes before another element.

   السابق في المنطق أو النحو

   • In the sentence 'John lost his keys,' 'John' is the antecedent noun.
   • The antecedent clause in the argument was flawed.
   • Linguists study antecedent relationships in complex sentences.

   المرادفاتforegoingprecedingpreviousprior

• اسم يدل على شيء أو حدث وُجد أو وقع قبل غيره، ويُستعمل في النحو للاسم الذي يعود عليه الضمير، وفي المنطق للقضية أو الحد السابق، وفي التاريخ لما سبق غيره من أشخاص أو وقائع.

A noun referring to a thing or event that existed or occurred before another, often in the context of grammar, logic, or history.

1. Preceding event or conditionC1formal

   A thing or event that existed before or logically precedes another.

   حدث أو شرط سابق

   • The antecedents of the conflict can be traced back decades.
   • Historians study the antecedents of the revolution.
   • Understanding the antecedents helps explain the current situation.

   المرادفاتcauseforerunneroriginprecursorpredecessorrootsource

   الأضدادconsequenceconsequenteffectoutcomeresultsequel

2. C1formal

   A person who lived before one's ancestors; a forefather.

   السَّلَف

   • His antecedents were immigrants from Ireland.
   • The family tree lists all known antecedents.
   • She researched her antecedents for a genealogy project.

   المرادفاتancestorforebearforefatherprogenitor

   الأضدادdescendant

3. Grammar: ReferentC2formal

   A word, phrase, or clause that is referred to by a pronoun.

   المرجوع إليه

   • In the sentence 'John lost his keys,' 'John' is the antecedent of 'his.'
   • The pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number and gender.
   • A clear antecedent helps avoid confusion in writing.

   المرادفاتreferent