graft

• اسم متعدد المعاني: في البستنة يعني البرعم أو الفرع المطعم على نبات آخر، وفي الطب يعني نسيجًا منقولًا (طُعمًا)، وفي السياق العامي قد يعني العمل الشاق أو، بمعنى سلبي، الفساد والرشوة.

A noun with multiple meanings: in horticulture, it refers to a shoot or bud inserted into another plant; in medicine, it refers to transplanted tissue; in informal contexts, it can mean hard work or, in a negative sense, corruption or bribery.

1. Surgical transplantB2formalmedical

   A piece of living tissue that is surgically transplanted from one part of the body to another, or from one person to another.

   طُعْم جراحي

   • The surgeon performed a skin graft on the burn victim.
   • A bone graft was needed to repair the fracture.
   • The patient's body accepted the kidney graft successfully.

   المرادفاتimplanttransplant

2. Hard workB2informalbritish

   Hard, sustained work or effort, especially physical labor.

   عمل شاق

   • It took years of hard graft to build the business.
   • He's not afraid of a bit of graft to get the job done.
   • The project was completed through sheer graft and determination.

   المرادفاتdrudgeryeffortexertiongrindindustrylaborslogtoil

   الأضدادidlenessindolencelazinessleisuresloth

3. CorruptionB2formal

   The use of one's position or influence to gain money or advantage dishonestly, especially in politics.

   الفساد

   • The politician was convicted of graft and bribery.
   • The investigation uncovered widespread graft in the city council.
   • Graft is a serious problem in many governments around the world.

   المرادفاتbriberycorruptioncronyismextortionfraudjobberykickbacknepotismpayola

4. Plant joiningB2formal

   A shoot or bud from one plant joined to the stem of another so that they grow together.

   تطعيم

   • The gardener made a graft to combine the two rose varieties.
   • A successful graft requires careful alignment of the cambium layers.
   • The apple tree was produced by a graft onto a hardy rootstock.

• فعل يُستخدم للدلالة على تطعيم جزء من نسيج حي أو برعم نبات أو جلد على جزء آخر، أو (بشكل غير رسمي) على العمل الجاد والمضني، خصوصًا العمل البدني أو منخفض المهارة.

A verb used to indicate the act of attaching a piece of living tissue, plant shoot, or skin to another part, or (informally) to work hard, especially at a manual or menial task.

1. Transplant tissueB2formalmedical

   To transplant living tissue from one part of the body to another or from one individual to another.

   زرع الأنسجة

   • The surgeon grafted skin from the patient's thigh onto the burned area.
   • Doctors successfully grafted a new kidney into the recipient.
   • They grafted bone tissue to repair the fracture.

   المرادفاتengraftimplanttransplant

2. Join plantsB2formal

   To insert a shoot or bud from one plant into another so that they grow together.

   تطعيم النباتات

   • The gardener grafted an apple branch onto a pear tree.
   • He learned how to graft roses in his horticulture class.
   • They grafted the vine onto a stronger rootstock.

   المرادفاتbudengraftimplantsplice

3. B2informalbritish

   To work hard, especially at a physical or tedious task.

   العمل بجد

   • He grafted all day in the garden to finish the planting.
   • She grafted away at her desk to meet the deadline.
   • They grafted for years to build their business from scratch.

   المرادفاتgrindlaborslogstrugglesweattoil

   الأضدادidlelazeshirk