graft

• 一个多义词：在园艺中指嫁接的枝条或芽；在医学中指移植的组织；在非正式语境中可指繁重的工作，或贬义上指贪污受贿。

A noun with multiple meanings: in horticulture, it refers to a shoot or bud inserted into another plant; in medicine, it refers to transplanted tissue; in informal contexts, it can mean hard work or, in a negative sense, corruption or bribery.

1. Surgical transplantB2formalmedical

   A piece of living tissue that is surgically transplanted from one part of the body to another, or from one person to another.

   移植物

   • The surgeon performed a skin graft on the burn victim.
   • A bone graft was needed to repair the fracture.
   • The patient's body accepted the kidney graft successfully.

   同义词implanttransplant

2. Hard workB2informalbritish

   Hard, sustained work or effort, especially physical labor.

   苦干

   • It took years of hard graft to build the business.
   • He's not afraid of a bit of graft to get the job done.
   • The project was completed through sheer graft and determination.

   同义词drudgeryeffortexertiongrindindustrylaborslogtoil

   反义词idlenessindolencelazinessleisuresloth

3. CorruptionB2formal

   The use of one's position or influence to gain money or advantage dishonestly, especially in politics.

   贪污

   • The politician was convicted of graft and bribery.
   • The investigation uncovered widespread graft in the city council.
   • Graft is a serious problem in many governments around the world.

   同义词briberycorruptioncronyismextortionfraudjobberykickbacknepotismpayola

4. Plant joiningB2formal

   A shoot or bud from one plant joined to the stem of another so that they grow together.

   嫁接

   • The gardener made a graft to combine the two rose varieties.
   • A successful graft requires careful alignment of the cambium layers.
   • The apple tree was produced by a graft onto a hardy rootstock.

• 动词，指将活体组织、植物枝条或皮肤移植到另一部位；非正式用法中表示辛勤工作，尤指体力劳动或低技能工作。

A verb used to indicate the act of attaching a piece of living tissue, plant shoot, or skin to another part, or (informally) to work hard, especially at a manual or menial task.

1. Transplant tissueB2formalmedical

   To transplant living tissue from one part of the body to another or from one individual to another.

   移植组织

   • The surgeon grafted skin from the patient's thigh onto the burned area.
   • Doctors successfully grafted a new kidney into the recipient.
   • They grafted bone tissue to repair the fracture.

   同义词engraftimplanttransplant

2. Join plantsB2formal

   To insert a shoot or bud from one plant into another so that they grow together.

   嫁接

   • The gardener grafted an apple branch onto a pear tree.
   • He learned how to graft roses in his horticulture class.
   • They grafted the vine onto a stronger rootstock.

   同义词budengraftimplantsplice

3. B2informalbritish

   To work hard, especially at a physical or tedious task.

   苦干

   • He grafted all day in the garden to finish the planting.
   • She grafted away at her desk to meet the deadline.
   • They grafted for years to build their business from scratch.

   同义词grindlaborslogstrugglesweattoil

   反义词idlelazeshirk