graft

A noun with multiple meanings: in horticulture, it refers to a shoot or bud inserted into another plant; in medicine, it refers to transplanted tissue; in informal contexts, it can mean hard work or, in a negative sense, corruption or bribery.

ruСуществительное с несколькими значениями: в садоводстве — побег или почка, привитые на другое растение; в медицине — пересаженная ткань; в неформальном контексте может означать тяжёлую работу или, в негативном смысле, коррупцию и взяточничество.esSustantivo con varios significados: en jardinería, un brote o yema injertados en otra planta; en medicina, un tejido trasplantado; de manera informal puede referirse a un trabajo duro o, en sentido negativo, a la corrupción y el soborno.frNom ayant plusieurs sens : en jardinage, pousse ou bourgeon greffé sur une autre plante ; en médecine, tissu transplanté ; en langage familier, peut désigner un travail pénible ou, dans un sens négatif, la corruption et les pots-de-vin.deSubstantiv mit mehreren Bedeutungen: im Gartenbau ein Spross oder eine Knospe, die auf eine andere Pflanze verpflanzt wird; in der Medizin ein transplantiertes Gewebe; umgangssprachlich kann es schwere Arbeit oder, negativ, Korruption und Bestechung bedeuten.ptSubstantivo com vários sentidos: na jardinagem, broto ou enxerto inserido em outra planta; na medicina, tecido transplantado; em contexto informal, pode significar trabalho pesado ou, em sentido negativo, corrupção e suborno.zh一个多义词：在园艺中指嫁接的枝条或芽；在医学中指移植的组织；在非正式语境中可指繁重的工作，或贬义上指贪污受贿。arاسم متعدد المعاني: في البستنة يعني البرعم أو الفرع المطعم على نبات آخر، وفي الطب يعني نسيجًا منقولًا (طُعمًا)، وفي السياق العامي قد يعني العمل الشاق أو، بمعنى سلبي، الفساد والرشوة.

1. Surgical transplant B2 formal medical

   A piece of living tissue that is surgically transplanted from one part of the body to another, or from one person to another.

   • The surgeon performed a skin graft on the burn victim.
   • A bone graft was needed to repair the fracture.
   • The patient's body accepted the kidney graft successfully.

   ruТрансплантатesInjerto quirúrgicofrGreffe chirurgicaledeTransplantatptEnxertozh移植物arطُعْم جراحي

   同义词: implanttransplant

2. Hard work B2 informal british

   Hard, sustained work or effort, especially physical labor.

   • It took years of hard graft to build the business.
   • He's not afraid of a bit of graft to get the job done.
   • The project was completed through sheer graft and determination.

   ruУсердная работаestrabajo durofrtravail pénibledeSchuftereiptTrabalho pesadozh苦干arعمل شاق

   同义词: drudgeryeffortexertiongrindindustrylaborslogtoil

   反义词: idlenessindolencelazinessleisuresloth

3. Corruption B2 formal

   The use of one's position or influence to gain money or advantage dishonestly, especially in politics.

   • The politician was convicted of graft and bribery.
   • The investigation uncovered widespread graft in the city council.
   • Graft is a serious problem in many governments around the world.

   ruКоррупцияesCorrupción políticafrcorruption (politique)deKorruptionptCorrupçãozh贪污arالفساد

   同义词: briberycorruptioncronyismextortionfraudjobberykickbacknepotismpayola

4. Plant joining B2 formal

   A shoot or bud from one plant joined to the stem of another so that they grow together.

   • The gardener made a graft to combine the two rose varieties.
   • A successful graft requires careful alignment of the cambium layers.
   • The apple tree was produced by a graft onto a hardy rootstock.

   ruПрививкаesInjerto de plantafrGreffe (végétale)dePfropfenptEnxertozh嫁接arتطعيم

• grafts plural form
• grafts' possessive plural form
• graft's possessive singular form

A verb used to indicate the act of attaching a piece of living tissue, plant shoot, or skin to another part, or (informally) to work hard, especially at a manual or menial task.

ruГлагол, используемый для обозначения действия по прикреплению кусочка живой ткани, побега растения или кожи к другой части, или (неформально) для обозначения усердной работы, особенно физической или низкоквалифицированной.esVerbo que designa la acción de unir o insertar un trozo de tejido vivo, una planta o piel en otra parte, o bien, en sentido informal, trabajar duramente, especialmente en tareas físicas o poco cualificadas.frVerbe désignant l'action de fixer un fragment de tissu vivant, une pousse de plante ou de la peau sur une autre partie, ou (familier) le fait de travailler dur, surtout physiquement ou peu qualifié.deVerb, das das Anbringen eines Stücks lebenden Gewebes, eines Pflanzentriebs oder von Haut an einem anderen Teil bezeichnet, oder (umgangssprachlich) hart arbeiten, besonders körperlich oder gering qualifiziert.ptVerbo usado para indicar a ação de enxertar um pedaço de tecido vivo, broto de planta ou pele em outra parte, ou (informalmente) trabalhar arduamente, especialmente em trabalho físico ou de baixa qualificação.zh动词，指将活体组织、植物枝条或皮肤移植到另一部位；非正式用法中表示辛勤工作，尤指体力劳动或低技能工作。arفعل يُستخدم للدلالة على تطعيم جزء من نسيج حي أو برعم نبات أو جلد على جزء آخر، أو (بشكل غير رسمي) على العمل الجاد والمضني، خصوصًا العمل البدني أو منخفض المهارة.

1. Transplant tissue B2 formal medical

   To transplant living tissue from one part of the body to another or from one individual to another.

   • The surgeon grafted skin from the patient's thigh onto the burned area.
   • Doctors successfully grafted a new kidney into the recipient.
   • They grafted bone tissue to repair the fracture.

   ruПересадить тканьesInjertar tejidofrGreffer (un tissu)deGewebe verpflanzenptEnxertar tecidozh移植组织arزرع الأنسجة

   同义词: engraftimplanttransplant

2. Join plants B2 formal

   To insert a shoot or bud from one plant into another so that they grow together.

   • The gardener grafted an apple branch onto a pear tree.
   • He learned how to graft roses in his horticulture class.
   • They grafted the vine onto a stronger rootstock.

   ruПрививатьesInjertar (plantas)frGreffer (plantes)deVeredelnptEnxertarzh嫁接arتطعيم النباتات

   同义词: budengraftimplantsplice

3. Work hard B2 informal british

   To work hard, especially at a physical or tedious task.

   • He grafted all day in the garden to finish the planting.
   • She grafted away at her desk to meet the deadline.
   • They grafted for years to build their business from scratch.

   ruУсердно работатьescurrar / trabajar durofrbûcherdeHart arbeitenptTrabalhar durozh苦干arالعمل بجد

   同义词: grindlaborslogstrugglesweattoil

   反义词: idlelazeshirk

• grafted past participle
• grafted past simple
• grafting present participle
• grafts third person singular