matrix

• اسم ذو معانٍ عدة: في الرياضيات جدول مستطيل من الأعداد أو التعبيرات؛ في الجيولوجيا الصخر الدقيق الحبيبات الذي يحيط بالحفريات أو الأحجار الكريمة؛ في الأحياء المادة التي تُغرس فيها الخلايا؛ أو مصطلح عام للوسط الذي ينمو فيه شيء ما.

A noun with multiple meanings: in mathematics, a rectangular array of numbers or expressions; in geology, the fine-grained rock surrounding fossils or gems; in biology, the substance in which cells are embedded; or a general term for an environment in which something develops.

1. Mathematical arrayB2formalscientific

   A rectangular arrangement of numbers, symbols, or expressions organized into rows and columns, treated as a single mathematical object.

   مصفوفة

   • The student solved the system of equations using a matrix.
   • Matrices are widely used in computer graphics and physics.
   • We multiplied two matrices to find the transformation.
   • The identity matrix is a special case where diagonal entries are one.

   المرادفاتarraygridtable

2. Geological matrixC1formalscientific

   The fine-grained material in which larger grains, fossils, crystals, or gems are embedded within a rock.

   المصفوفة (جيولوجيا)

   • Geologists examined the matrix surrounding the quartz crystal.
   • The fossil was extracted from the calcareous matrix.
   • The diamond was found embedded in a dark volcanic matrix.
   • Analysis of the rock matrix revealed traces of ancient organic matter.

   المرادفاتcementgroundmass

3. Enclosure or environmentC1formal

   A surrounding structure or environment in which something develops, originates, or is embedded.

   البيئة أو الوسط المحيط

   • The city became a matrix for cultural innovation.
   • This matrix of ideas shaped the early modern period.
   • The cell exists within a matrix of connective tissue.
   • The matrix of social relationships influences individual behavior.

   المرادفاتbreeding groundcontextcradleenvironmenthotbedmediumnestseedbedsettingwomb

4. Biological extracellular matrixC1formalmedical

   The substance between cells that provides structural and biochemical support, composed of proteins and other molecules.

   المصفوفة خارج الخلوية

   • The extracellular matrix is crucial for tissue repair.
   • Collagen is a major component of the connective tissue matrix.
   • Cells interact with the matrix through specialized receptors.
   • The matrix determines the mechanical properties of cartilage.

   المرادفاتecm

5. Nail matrixB2formalmedical

   The formative tissue located at the base of a fingernail or toenail that produces the nail plate.

   مَطْرِيس النُّخَاعِ الظُّفْرِيّ

   • Injury to the nail matrix can cause permanent nail deformity.
   • The doctor examined the matrix to assess the nail growth.
   • Fungal infections can damage the nail matrix.
   • The matrix is responsible for the thickness and shape of the nail.

6. Mold for reproductionC1formaltechnical

   A mold or die used in manufacturing to produce relief surfaces, such as in printing or phonograph records.

   قالب الطباعة

   • The printer used a metal matrix to stamp the letters.
   • A wax matrix was used to create the master record.
   • The coin's design was pressed from a hardened matrix.
   • Early typographers carved matrices by hand for each letter.

   المرادفاتdieformmatmoldstamptemplate