overburden

• اسم يدل على الطبقة السطحية من التربة أو الصخور التي يجب إزالتها للوصول إلى طبقات الفحم أو الرواسب المعدنية، أو على الحمل أو العبء المفرط.

A noun referring to the surface soil or rock that must be removed to access coal seams or mineral deposits, or an excessive load or burden.

1. Surface soil or rockC1formal

   The layer of soil, rock, or other material that lies above a mineral deposit or coal seam and must be removed to access it.

   الطبقة الغطائية

   • The mining company removed the overburden to reach the coal seam.
   • Heavy machinery is used to strip away the overburden.
   • The thickness of the overburden determines the mining method.

   المرادفاتburdencover

2. Excessive loadC1formal

   An excessive or overwhelming burden, either physical or metaphorical.

   عبء مفرط

   • The new regulations placed an overburden on small businesses.
   • The emotional overburden of the situation made her feel exhausted.
   • He struggled under the overburden of debt.

   المرادفاتalbatrossburdenencumbranceexcessglutloadmillstoneoppressionpressurestrainsuperfluitysurfeitweight

• فعل يُستعمل للدلالة على تحميل شخص أو شيء ما ثقلاً أو عملاً أو مسؤولية تتجاوز الحد المعتاد أو قدرته على التحمل.

A verb used to indicate the act of loading or burdening someone or something with too much weight, work, or responsibility.

1. Burden with too much work or responsibilityB2formal

   To give someone more work or responsibility than they can handle.

   إثقال الأعباء

   • The manager overburdened her team with unrealistic deadlines.
   • Teachers are often overburdened with administrative tasks.
   • He felt overburdened by the demands of his job.

   المرادفاتburdenencumberhamperload downoppressoverloadoverworkstraintaxweigh down

   الأضدادlightenrelieveunburden

2. Load with excessive weightB2formal

   To put too much physical weight on something or someone.

   تحميل بإفراط

   • The truck was overburdened with heavy cargo.
   • Don't overburden the shelf with too many books.
   • The bridge collapsed because it was overburdened.

   المرادفاتburdenencumberoverchargeoverloadoverweightsaddletaxweigh down

   الأضدادdisburdenlightenrelieveunburden