virulence

• اسم يدل على درجة شدة ضراوة الكائن الدقيق الممرض أو قدرته على إحداث المرض، ويُستعمل مجازًا للدلالة على شدة العداء أو الحدة أو المرارة في السلوك أو الكلام.

A noun referring to the degree of pathogenicity or harmfulness of a microorganism, or figuratively, to extreme bitterness or hostility.

غير معدود

1. Harmfulness of a pathogenC1formalmedical

   The degree or ability of a microorganism to cause disease or damage to a host.

   ضراوة

   • The virulence of the new strain made it particularly dangerous.
   • Scientists are studying the factors that increase a virus's virulence.
   • High virulence often leads to more severe symptoms in patients.

   المرادفاتdeadlinessmalignitynoxiousnesstoxicity

2. Extreme hostility or bitternessC1formal

   Intense and bitter hostility, often expressed in speech or behavior.

   الحقد الشديد

   • His speech was filled with virulence against his political opponents.
   • The virulence of her criticism surprised everyone in the room.
   • They argued with a virulence that shocked their friends.

   المرادفاتacrimonybitternesshostilitymalicerancorspitevenomvitriol

   الأضدادamiabilityfriendlinessgentlenesskindness