vitriol

• اسم يحمل معنيين رئيسيين: قد يدل على حمض الكبريتيك شديد التآكل المستخدم في الصناعة الكيميائية، أو يصف لغة قاسية لاذعة أو سامة تعبر عن كراهية عميقة.

A noun with two distinct meanings: it can refer to a highly corrosive acid (sulfuric acid) used in the chemical industry, or it can describe abusive, venomous, or bitterly critical language expressing deep-seated ill will.

غير معدود

1. Sulfuric acidC1formalscientific

   A highly corrosive, strong mineral acid composed of sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen, widely used in industrial chemical processes.

   حمض الكبريتيك

   • The chemist carefully handled the vitriol in the lab.
   • Vitriol is essential in the production of fertilizers.
   • Spilled vitriol can cause severe burns and damage surfaces.

   المرادفاتoil of vitriolsulfuric acidsulphuric acid

2. Bitter criticismC1formal

   Cruel, bitter, or abusive language used to express strong disapproval or deep-seated ill will.

   النقد اللاذع

   • The politician's speech was full of vitriol against his opponents.
   • She responded to the criticism with surprising vitriol.
   • Online forums can be filled with unnecessary vitriol.

   المرادفاتabuseacrimonybitternesshostilityinvectivemalicerancorspitevenomvituperation

   الأضدادcommendationcomplimentflatterypraise

• فعل يعني أن ينتقد شخصًا أو يهاجمه بعبارات لاذعة أو قارصة أو مسيئة.

A verb meaning to criticize or attack someone with bitter, caustic, or abusive language.

1. To injure with vitriolC2formal

   To expose to the effects of vitriol (sulfuric acid) or injure with this substance.

   أحرق بالزاج

   • The attacker vitrioled the victim's face in a horrific assault.
   • In historical accounts, criminals were sometimes vitrioled as punishment.
   • The chemical spill vitrioled the surrounding vegetation.

2. To subject to bitter verbal abuseC2formal

   To attack or criticize someone with harsh, bitter, or caustic language.

   الهجوم بالكلام اللاذع

   • The critic vitrioled the author's latest novel in a scathing review.
   • During the debate, the politician vitrioled his opponent with personal insults.
   • She vitrioled her former colleague in a series of angry emails.

   المرادفاتabuseberatecastigatelambasterevilescoldvilifyvituperate

   الأضدادcommendcomplimentextollaudpraise